SEA: Space Exploration & Astronomy

Dwarf Planets: Lesser Worlds

The Solar System is home to eight principal planets, but this is far from the full picture. Hidden beyond the orbit of Neptune are dozens of small, icy worlds, known as Dwarf Planets, or Minor Planets! The best example is Pluto, but there are dozens more orbiting within the same band of material in the outer Solar System. Today, we will visit these frozen, far out worlds first hand.MUSIC:- Mist - Odonis Odonis- Lucid Haze - Amulets - Shallow Depths - jAde Wii - At the Foot of the Sphinx - Twin Musicom - Length of Light - Amulets - Crystaline - Amulets - Doll Dancing - Puddle of Infinity - I Am Running Down the Long Hallway - Chris Zabriskie- Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring - Kevin MacLeodAt the Foot of the Sphinx by Twin Musicom is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Artist: http://www.twinmusicom.org/I Am Running Down the Long Hallway of Viewmont Elementary by Chris Zabriskie is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Source: http://chriszabriskie.com/honor/Artist: http://chriszabriskie.com/Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100189Artist: http://incompetech.com/CHAPTERS:00:00: Introduction01:52: Minor Planets 05:34: Ceres 09:15: The Kuiper Belt 11:49: Pluto16:43: Why the IAU Demoted Pluto 17:46: Eris 20:17: Haumea 22:08: Makemake 24:24: Arrokoth

The Oort Cloud: The Solar System's Shell

What lies at the edge of the Solar System? Far beyond the orbit of Neptune and the Kuiper Belt, deep into interstellar space, we find a vast, thick shell of icy space debris. We have never seen it directly, but we know it exists- because it is the source of the most distant comets that we see entering the Solar System. So why is it there? Today we'll find out.All background songs in this video were sourced from the royalty and attribution-free YouTube Audio Library. CHAPTERS:00:00: Introduction 02:01: The Oort Cloud 05:18: The Scale of the Cloud06:47: Formation of the Oort Cloud 09:33: The Source of All Comets13:17: The Hills Cloud14:40: Sedna16:12: The Outer Oort Cloud17:13: Siding Spring, Hale Bopp, Lovejoy19:20: Future Missions to the Oort Cloud 21:46: Extra-solar Oort Clouds

Moons Beyond the Solar System

Most large planets have moons. We have discovered almost 200 in our Solar System alone, and so we expect that the Milky Way is teeming with many more- perhaps even outnumbering planets and stars. With so many moons, it adds a plethora of additional holdouts in the galaxy capable of supporting life, and thus they are tantalising targets for scientists. However, extra-Solar moons are so insanely distant and dark against the backdrop of space, that them is a tremendous challenge. In this episode, we will cover its story so far.SOUNDTRACK:- Satya Yuga | Jesse Gallagher (YouTube Audio Library) - The Sleeping Prophet | Jesse Gallagher (YouTube Audio Library) - Where in Literally | pATCHES (YouTube Audio Library) - The Golden Present | Jesse Gallagher (YouTube Audio Library) CHAPTERS:00:00: Introduction 01:09: Exomoons04:26: How We Find Exomoons08:53: Kepler 1625 b-i 13:28: Other Exomoon Candidates

Europa: A Frozen Oasis

Europa is a fascinating moon, which is thought to be hiding a global ocean below its frozen surface. This makes it a hotspot for research and missions, with the ultimate goal being to identify an independent life source. In this video, we will go over this iconic satellite of Jupiter by the numbers, as we blow its perplexing mysteries wide open.All background music came from the Royalty-Free & Attribution-Free YouTube Audio LibraryCHAPTERS:00:00 Introduction00:58: Facts About Europa 04:22: Europa’s Ice Sheet06:52: Missions to Europa09:29: The Subsurface Ocean11:19: Tidal Heating 13:44: Europa's Prospects for Life 18:15: Future Missions to Europa

Corrupted Stars: Hypothetical Stars that Defy Explanation

Not every star in the universe can be seen shining brightly in the night sky. There are dozens of types of fascinating hypothetical stars, which are characterised by their extreme behaviour. Today, we will be taking a look at a few of these corrupted stars, from the start of the universe right up until the end. MUSIC TRACKS: - Passing a Foreign Moon - I Think I Can Help You (YouTube Audio Library)- The Shadow Self - I Think I Can Help You (YouTube Audio Library)- The Bardo - I Think I Can Help You (YouTube Audio Library)- To Have To In Least Water - pATCHES (YouTube Audio Library)- Surviving the Asteroid Belt - I Think I Can Help You (YouTube Audio Library)- Wander - Emmit Fenn (YouTube Audio Library)- Because for Everything There Is Someone - pATCHES (YouTube Audio Library)- Adrift - ELPHNT (YouTube Audio Library)- Verve - Benjamin Martins (YouTube Audio Library)- Hollows - Houses of Heavens (YouTube Audio Library)- Meeting Again - Emily A Sprague (YouTube Audio Library)CHAPTERS:00:00: Introduction01:29: Population III Stars 04:50: Quasi Stars 07:42: Thorne-Zytkow Objects 10:37: Q-Stars and Exotic Matter 14:02: Quark Stars 15:51: Electroweak Stars 17:39: Strange Matter and Strange Stars20:13: White Dwarfs21:54: Frozen Stars 22:37: Black Dwarfs23:18: Iron Stars