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The Mexican-American War lasted from 1846 to 1848. The official cause of the war was Mexican opposition to the American annexation of the Republic of Texas, which had won its freedom from Mexico ten years earlier. However, President James Polk intended to use the war to greatly expand the United States by annexing New Mexico and California, therefore it was the first war fought against a fellow republic to gain territory. Episode Three explains how the annexation of Texas became the dominant issue in the 1844 presidential election, and Andrew Jackson's support helped James Polk win the election. Aside from Texas, Polk wanted to annex New Mexico and California, as well as Oregon, which meant potential conflict with both Mexico and Britain.
Cast of Characters:
James Polk-president, former governor of Tennessee and former Speaker of the House of Representatives
James Buchanan-Secretary of State
John Calhoun-senator for South Carolina, former Secretary of State, former vice president, and former secretary of war
Mariano Paredes-President of Mexico (following coup against Herrera), formerly general in the Mexican Army
Jose Joaquin de Herrera-President of Mexico Thomas Hart Benton-senator from Missouri, former aide to General Andrew Jackson during the War of 1812
Winfield Scott-Commanding General of the U.S. Army Zachary Taylor-brigadier-general in the American Army
Mariano Arista-major-general in the Mexican Army
Pedro de Ampudia-general in the Mexican Army
Sources:
A Country of Vast Designs: James K. Polk, The Mexican War, and the Conquest of the American Continent-Robert W. Merry
Polk: The Man Who Transformed the Presidency and America-Walter R. Borneman
A Wicked War: Polk, Clay, Lincoln, and the 1846 U.S. Invasion of Mexico-Amy S. Greenberg
Seeds of Empire: Cotton, Slavery, and the Transformation of the Texas Borderlands, 1800-1850-Andrew J. Torget
This Vast Southern Empire: Slaveholders at the Helm of American Foreign Policy-Matthew Karp
Heirs of the Founders: Henry Clay, John Calhoun and Daniel Webster, the Second Generation of American Giants-H. W. Brands
The Great Triumverate: Webster, Clay, and Calhoun-Merrill D. Peterson
What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815-1848-Daniel Walker Howe
Sam Houston: The Life and Times of the Liberator of Texas, an Authentic American Hero-John Hoyt Williams
Mexico: Biography of Power, A History of Modern Mexico, 1810-1996-Enrique Krauze, translated by Hank Heifetz
Image Credit:
By Adolphe Jean-Baptiste Bayot - Originally published in The War Between the United States and Mexico, Illustrated, 1851, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1178283
The Mexican-American War (1846-1848): Part IX-The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
The Mexican-American War (1846-48): Part VIII-Vera Cruz and Mexico City
The Mexican-American War (1846-48): Part VII-New Mexico and California
The Mexican-American War (1846-48): Part VI-Vera Cruz and Polkas
The Mexican-American War (1846-48): Part V-The Return of Santa Anna
The Mexican-American War (1846-48): Part III-Who Is James Polk?
The Mexican-American War (1846-48): Part II-The Republic of Texas
The Mexican-American War (1846-48): Part I-The Texan Revolution
The Mexican-American War (1846-1848)-Introduction
The Formation of the United States: Part VIII-Ratification Part Two
The Formation of the United States: Part VII-Ratification of the Constitution
The Formation of the United States: Part VI-Plain, Honest Men. The end of the Constitutional Convention.
The Formation of the United States: Part V-Compromises, Compromises and More Compromises
The Formation of the United States: Part IV-The Constitutional Convention
The Formation of the United States: Part III-Shays’ Rebellion
The Formation of the United States: Part II-A Meeting of Commissioners to Remedy Defects of the Federal Government
The Formation of the United States: Part I-These United States
The Fomation of the United States of America-Introduction
The Mexican Revolution: Part XIV-The Headless Rebellion and the end of Obregon
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