Let's Learn Everything!

102: The Vitamin Saga & The Evolution of Fairies

Why are there so many vitamins, what even IS a vitamin?? Well Tom finally understands, and takes us on a tour through their infuriating past. And how did the cheerful fairy we know and love today, evolve into its current form? Well we'll only tell if you can answer our riddles three and- or you can just listen to the episode. Things we Talk About:James Lind Scurvy PaintingThe Various Vitamin BsVitamin MapBrownieFirst Fairy ImageCicely Mary Barker FairiesCottingley Fairies 1Cottingley Fairies 2Illusion SpinnersBitterbloom Bearer Timestamps: (00:00:00) Intro (00:03:05) The Vitamin Saga (00:57:54) The Evolution of Fairies (01:48:20) Outro Support us with a Max Fun Membership! Join our Discord! We also learn about: Will vitamin c cure me or murder me? more people died of scurvy than combat on the seas, Lind’s biblical scurvy experiment painting, vitamin Pee, maybe oranges are the fifth humor, beri beri, the gelatin comission, come onnn man it’s the 1800s give me a break, we know proteins carbs fats and minerals but something’s missing, STUDY MINERALS THEY SAID - YOU’LL WIN A NOBEL PRIZE THEY SAID, vital amines but they’re not amines, wait are vitamins like fish?? drop the e just vitamin, *mymymymy* all the vitamins are completely different?, some vitamins only exist for a few picoseconds in a supercollider, a bunch of vitamins got pluto’d, Vitamins are like a title, vitamer, VITAMIN D IS A HORMONE, wait maybe hormones are vitamins too, we haven’t talked about how vitamins work because they do Too Many Things, “we’re trying our best but sometimes our best isn’t good enough”, lifting the shadow of death, fitnessgirl250 actually has a PhD, food science is an applied science, the LLE supplement has all the dropped vitamins, vitamins are perfect for capitalism, there is not silver bullet, you can’t supplement your way into a healthy life, an appearance from she/her Caroline, the rainbow magic fairy books, we support evil fairies, the fickle house brownies, realizing fairytales are fairy tales, both high and low class could blame fairies, dressing boys as girls to protect them from the fae, booktok loves hot Rumpelstiltskin, American leprechaun traps, fae - fatah - the fates, when did fairies evolve wings, distinguishing from angels through insectification, fairies may have shrunk to be less threatening, Tom doesn’t know what a panto is, Victorians established the modern fairy, fairies went from robbing cribs to being trapped in the nursery, Cicely Mary Barker’s flower fairies, the collectability of fairies, 350 fairy books in 5 years, the Cottingley fairy hoax, fairies went from being about protecting sons to empowering girls, spelling fairy or faerie, Evyn Fong’s insectoid fairies, the review corner riddle, weaponizing review corner to talk to us. Semba: The Discover of the VitaminsRoyal Museums Greenwich: ScurveyScience History Institute: ScurveyBeriberi Review through Chinese Medical LiteratureDrummond's Naming of VitaminsNobel Laureats in the History of VitaminsSemba: On the Discovery of Vitamin ASciAm: What Vitamins Really Do --- It seem a mischievous fairy has stolen the fairy sources... I'll return them soon!

101: Why is the Sky Blue & Speech Disfluency

For episode 101, we're challenging ourselves to make a technically family friendly, swear free episode! Why is the sky blue? Well it turns out it took a lot of science to understand why! And what is speech disfluency? Well it's like... um... you'll see! Images we Talk About:Green FlashSunset Timestamps: (00:00:00) Intro (00:06:43) Why is the Sky Blue (00:54:28) Speech Disfluency (01:40:45) Outro Support us with a Max Fun Membership! Join our Discord! We also learn about: it’s like playing mozart for children, mystery spires, atmospheric optics is responsible for all the bangers, they didn’t have a word for blue but they could perceive it, davinci and newton were on the right track, and thus the liberal lie of the greenhouse effect was born, Tyndell was just trying to clean an air sample and saw it turn blue, Baron’s used to be useful at least, Tom’s mind gets rocked by Rayleigh scattering, why isn’t the sky purple, When was the sky blue? the great oxidation event, sky is atmosphere, why is the sun so tiny OH ITS FAR AWAY, Ella pulled a Tom at the intro, Ella’s filler montage, no swearing no fillers challenge, there’s no fillers in the speech we watch on TV and movies, we actually um-dope our podcast in post, people used filler words in the past too, it’s found in poems and the earliest recorded sounds, the valley girl like, natural language corpuses, the 2 genders are uh and um, fillers in other languages, parasite words, uh is almost universal, the function of filler, backchanneling, measuring um reaction times, a visit from Gretchen, um is like a swiss army knife, like as quotation marks or hedging, right *slaps knees*, the power of saying something which technically means nothing. StellarNet: A Brief History of the Sky’s BluenessBlog: The bizarre myth that Ancient Greeks couldn't see blue2023 Paper: Revisiting the question “Why is the sky blue?”Wiki- John TyndallThe Conversation: John Tyndall: the forgotten co‑founder of climate scienceWiki: Rayleigh ScatteringNASA: The Electromagnetic SpectrumScientific American: MiragesIFL Science: Orange SkyThe Great Oxidation Event: How Cyanobacteria Changed LifeRoyal Museums Greenwich: Why Is The Sky BlueMars in a Box: Martian Sunsets ---Wikipedia: Filler (linguistics)Thought Co: Definitions and Examples of Filler WordsThe Register: Why Do We Say Um?Paper: Listeners' Uses of Um and Uh in Speech ComprehensionNew York Times: So, Um, How Do You, Like, Stop Using Filler Words?University of Colorado Paper: We, um, have, like, a problemGuardian: Why Do People Say Like So Much?NPR: Why Do We Say Um So Much?BBC: Teen SlangPaper: Fillers, Pauses and PlaceholdersCambridge: Hidden Use of FillersThe British National Corpus 2014Language Hat: The Mystery of FillersThe Atlantic : “Men Say 'Uh' and Women Say 'Um'”Language Log: Men and Women’s Use of WordsJStor: Filler Words and Floor HoldersTHE CALIFORNIA STORY 1906 By Thomas A. Edison

Out Sick Recast: SciShow Tangents w/ Tom!

Tom & Ella are out sick! So enjoy this recast of when Tom was healthy and on SciShow Tangents! OR enjoy our 2 hours on the Project 4 Awesome livestream, basically a video podcast! OR check out all our other stuff at https://www.LetsLearnEverything.com/ Thanks for your patience y'all! - Tom, Ella, & Caroline

100: Everything

You asked, and we finally answered, today we are Finally, actually learning everything! Something that is definitely possible and easy to do. Caroline covers infinity, which can include basically anything, Ella covers what everything is made of, and Tom does the rest! Simple, right? Images we Talk About:Cantor's Diagonal ArgumentThe Bullet Cluster Timestamps: (00:00:00) Intro (00:04:28) Infinity (00:49:09) What's Everything Made Of? (01:29:52) Everything Else (02:08:54) Outro Support us with a Max Fun Membership! Join our Discord! We also learn about:  Infinity is the amount I love you guys - oh I made such a noise of disgust, my infinity could beat your infinity, quoting The Fault in Our Stars, ancient Greeks had a horror for the infinite, Euclid refused to use infinity, we have no physical proof that any item can be infinite, turning water into wine and counting to infinity, next time someone says I love you infinity plus one call them a number annihilator, pre-scowling, we ask Caroline a million questions about sets, sets offer a new language for math, “actually Ella they use the word transfinite”, Caroline rage baits Ella, Ella loves Cantor’s diagonal argument but people at the time HATED it, Cantor was a “corrupter of youth”, the universe is everything, god dammit is there more than matter, pigeons and pizza and Ella’s giant gengar plush are made of quarks and leptons, ordinary matter is just 5% of the universe, 26.8% is dark matter and the rest is dark energy, dark energy and matter are not interchangeable - dark just means we can’t observe them, your MOM is massive, 1933 dark matter is theorized to make the math work, dark matter is not a theory it is an observation of missing mass, the differing mass of the bullet cluster, halos of dark matter around galaxies, red shift in every direction, don’t @ me about the accelerated expansion of the universe, dark energy is the mysterious force that keeps the universe expanding, heat death or re-contraction, dark matter and dark energy are warring siblings trying to pull everything together and apart and we’re stuck in the middle, list of all wikipedia pages, OH NO IT’S INTERESTING, monk stuff, the exclamation mark came during the humanist era of the renaissance, oh no we printed the ironic bible! inverted exclamation marks, exclamation mark haters, old comics had exclamation marks for periods! Making Beowulf Scream, Lo! per my last email, our show didn’t start with an exclamation mark - it snuck its way into being beloved, no one is sure how the exclamation mark ended up in programming languages, DO anthropomorphize the exclamation mark, please don’t be disappointed we didn’t stop the podcast, We Didn't Stop the Podcast. We Didn't Stop the Podcast Lyrics Sources:Wikipedia: Infinity SymbolWikipedia: InfinityPolytechnique: A (Very) Brief History of InfinityBritannica: InfinityStanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Infinity1983 Paper: The Realization of Infinity: On the Philosophy of John M. AndersonScientific American: Some Mathematicians Don’t Believe in Infinity2017 Paper: Actual and Potential InfinitySchechter: Potential versus Completed InfinityMedium: Infinity Isn’t Just a Number — It’s a Mind-Bending Universe of ParadoxesYoutube: minutephysicsYoutube: Jim FowlerBlog: The Math of Dr Who #4.2 ---Etymonline: Etymology of EverythingWikipedia: EverythingNASA: What is the Universe?EBSCO: LeptonsHarvard: What is the Univer Made Of?ESA: What is the Unvierse Made Of?Astrobites: ΛCDMNASA: Building BlocksESA: Dark Matter and Dark EnergyAngela Collier: Dark Matter is Not a TheoryNASA: Dark MatterForbes: Who Really Discovered Dark MatterHarvad: Dark Energy and Dark MatterNASA: Bullet ClusterESA: Gravitaional LensingESA: RedshiftESA: Comsic Microwave Background ---Wikipedia List of All PagesFlorence Hazrat's "An Admirable Point: a Brief History of the Exclamation Point"Florence Hazrat InterviewThe Irony MarkStan Lee on Comic Book Exclamation MarksMarvel End of Exclamation Mark AnnouncementMaking Beowulf ScreamHistory of FactorialFiguring out the Origin of ! in Computer Science

99.5: Iszi Lawrence, Getting to Ancient Egyptian Heaven, and Storytelling

The author, historian, and person of many fascinations Iszi Lawrence teaches us how to get into ancient Egyptian heaven! Plus we learn about a bit of everything else from dinosaurs to medieval almond milk!Timestamps:(00:00:00) Intro(00:06:14) Getting Into Ancient Egyptian Heaven(00:45:31) Questions for Iszi(01:08:59) OutroSupport us with a Max Fun Membership!Join our Discord!Images we talk about:AnurognathusThe Tring TilesWe also learn about: Todays question is how to take on two attackers, “I really recommend violence if you have neurodiversity”, Ma’at, getting into the Egyptian afterlife is an escape room, why Egypt was geographically perfect, I’m going to put a mastaba on my mastaba, there were ancient Egyptian archaeologists of ancient Egypt, you don’t think with your brain that’s weird, Allan’s mummified body in the King’s College London library, the mummification industry, dodgy ibis mummy dealers, pyramids were a giant sign that said “ROB ME IM RICH”, King tut also packed too much underwear, Anubis guides you through a video game level of challenges, the hall of two truths and a lie, weighing your heart in court, Ammit has the head of crccodile body of a tiger legs of a hippo my perfect woman, your heart has to way no more and no less than a feather, the scarab is a pay to win heart silencer, pubs were public houses when you brewed too much beer and it was women’s work! almond milk was around during the medieval times, we are story brained and we pay attention to the weird things not the boring ones, he showed me his whip scorpion, nanotyrannus, why do you like dinosaurs - why do you like eating? Anurognathus, toddlers comes from drunken walking, sad means not sober, the suffragette jiu jitsu dojo, the tring tiles was teen jesus.