Empire-Builders

How (And Where) Did Romans Build Their Roads?

They really were quite good at it.--Produced by David MainayarWritten by Eduardo D'Ambrosio & ‪David Mainayar3D visualization by Eduardo D'Ambrosio Edited by David Mainayar, kingfrick, ‪ @KnowHistory  Music from Epidemic Sound & Total War: Rome

7 Levels of Roman Emperors

Where are the Romans now? You're looking at em.0:00 - Intro 1:20 - Level I: The Calamities13:12 - Level II: The Blunderers 21:43 - Level III: The Benchwarmers25:38 - Level IV: The Patriarchs31:12 - Level V: The Firefighters36:59 - Level VI: The Imperialists43:49 - Level VII: The Founders

Empires of the Normans: Makers of Europe, Conquerors of Asia

Chapters:Intro - 0:00Chapter I: The Early Normans - 1:26 Chapter II: The Italian Normans - 1:00:57 Chapter III: The English Normans - 1:53:51 Chapter IV: The Crusader Normans - 3:34:00Chapter V: 4:29:56 Primary Sources:Adémar de Chabannes. Chronicon and related forgeries. Early 11th century.Amatus of Montecassino. L'Ystoire de li Normant. ca. 1080.Anna Komnene. The Alexiad. ca. 1148.Dudo of Saint-Quentin. Historia Normannorum (History of the Normans). ca. 996–1015.Geoffrey Malaterra. De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Calabriae et Siciliae Comitis (The Deeds of Count Roger of Calabria and Sicily). ca. 1099–1101.Henry of Huntingdon. Historia Anglorum (History of the English).John of Fécamp. Letter to Pope Leo IX. ca. 1050s.Richer of Saint-Remi. Historiarum Libri Quatuor (Four Books of Histories). ca. 990s.Snorri Sturluson. Heimskringla. 13th century.William of Apulia. Gesta Roberti Wiscardi (The Deeds of Robert Guiscard). ca. 1096.William of Jumièges. Gesta Normannorum Ducum (Deeds of the Norman Dukes). 11th century.William of Malmesbury. Gesta Regum Anglorum (Deeds of the English Kings). ca. 1125.Secondary Sources:Anglo-Norman Studies X: Proceedings of the Battle Conference 1987. Edited by R. Allen Brown. 1988.Barlow, Frank. Vita Ædwardi Regis [The Life of King Edward Who Rests at Westminster].Barlow, Frank. William I and the Norman Conquest. 1965.Bates, David. William the Conqueror. 2009.Blair, John. Building Anglo-Saxon England. 2018.Brownworth, Lars. The Normans: From Raiders to Kings. Crux Publishing, 2014.Crouch, David. The Normans: The History of a Dynasty. Hambledon and London, 2002.Davis, R. H. C. “The Warhorses of the Normans.” In Medieval Warfare 1000–1300, edited by John France, 54–67. Farnham: Ashgate, 2006.Douglas, David C. William the Conqueror: The Norman Impact upon England. 1964.English Heritage. “How to Organise a Norman Invasion Fleet.” https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/lNeveux, François. The Normans: The Conquests That Changed the Face of Europe. Translated by Howard Curtis. Constable, 2008.Norwich, John Julius. The Normans in the South, 1016–1130. Longmans, 1967.Roach, Levi. Empires of the Normans: Makers of Europe, Conquerors of Asia. London: John Murray; New York: Pegasus Books, 2022.Saxon History. “The Ship List of William the Conqueror.” https://saxonhistory.co.uk/FORMS-PageSearle, Eleanor. Predatory Kinship and the Creation of Norman Power, 840–1066. University of California Press, 1988.Van Houts, Elisabeth M. C. The Normans in Europe. Manchester University Press, 2000.Viking Ship Museum. “William the Conqueror’s Ship List.” https://www.vikingeskibsmuseet.dk/enWaley, D. P. “Combined Operations in Sicily, A.D. 1060–78.” Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 5th ser., vol. 7 (1957): 21–39.

When Alexander Ruled 25% of the World's Population (Chapter III)

The final installment in a three-part series on Alexander the Great. Sources:Arrian. Anabasis of Alexander. Translated by Aubrey de Sélincourt.Bolitho, William. Twelve Against the Gods. 1929.Freeman, Philip. Alexander the Great. 2011.Plutarch. Life of Alexander and Life of Caesar. Translated by Rex Warner.“How Did Alexander the Great Sustain His Army?” https://www.historyhit.com/how-did-alexander-the-great-sustain-his-army/“Philip II and Macedonian Logistics.” History Hit. https://www.historyhit.com/philip-ii-macedonian-logistics/The Cambridge Companion to Alexander the Great, ed. Daniel Ogden. Cambridge University Press, 2024.The Oxford World History of Empire, eds. Peter Fibiger Bang, C. A. Bayly, and Walter Scheidel. Oxford University Press, 2021.

The 7 Levels of Empires

1:10 - Level I: The Fakes6:39 - Level II: The Traders13:46 - Level III: The Exploiters22:31 - Level IV: The Survivors35:55 - Level V: The Meteors38:49 - Level VI: The Superpowers45:20 - Level VII: The Architects