ELI5 Exercise Induced Nausea - why we feel like vomiting after intense exercise?

Why do we feel like throwing up after intense exercise? What is the significance of the Medulla Oblongata? Why are some people more prone to nausea? What are some practical tips for reducing exercise induced nausea?

 

... We explain like i'm five!

 

Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community as always and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: palcatraz, fogwound, pepeandmrduck, andzjan & askymojo

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