Are Arabs and Jews Brothers?

More than 1300 years ago, Arab armies swept out of the Arabian desert under the banner of the new religion of Islam to conquer much of the civilized world including most major Jewish communities. Since that time, large Jewish communities have lived in Arab and Muslim lands and had to contend with Islamic beliefs and Arabs who claimed to be descendant from Isaac's brother Ismael. Today, the Arab and Muslim world has become the center of modern antisemitism and the greatest threat to the Jewish state of Israel.

What does Judaism says about Islam and the Arab world, Are Arabs indeed our bothers? Are Islamic values closer to Judaism than Christian ones? What does this mean for the modern contentious Jewish-Arab relationship?