Three new studies suggest links between natural gas wells and cases of cancer, asthma and birth problems.三项新研究表明天然气井与癌症、哮喘和出生问题之间存在联系。Children who lived closer to natural gas wells in heavily-drilled western Pennsylvania were more likely to develop lymphoma, a rare cancer, researchers found. Nearby residents of all ages had an increased chance of severe asthma, a lung disease, and low birth weight.研究人员发现，居住在宾夕法尼亚州西部天然气井附近的儿童更有可能患淋巴瘤，这是...
Three new studies suggest links between natural gas wells and cases of cancer, asthma and birth problems.
三项新研究表明天然气井与癌症、哮喘和出生问题之间存在联系。
Children who lived closer to natural gas wells in heavily-drilled western Pennsylvania were more likely to develop lymphoma, a rare cancer, researchers found. Nearby residents of all ages had an increased chance of severe asthma, a lung disease, and low birth weight.
研究人员发现，居住在宾夕法尼亚州西部天然气井附近的儿童更有可能患淋巴瘤，这是一种罕见的癌症。 附近所有年龄段的居民患严重哮喘、肺部疾病和低出生体重的风险都有所增加。
The University of Pittsburgh did the studies.
匹兹堡大学进行了这项研究。
The researchers found what they called strong connections between the gas industry activity called fracking and two health problems: asthma, and lymphoma in children. Lymphoma is a type of cancer less common among children.
研究人员发现，所谓的水力压裂天然气工业活动与哮喘和儿童淋巴瘤这两种健康问题之间存在着密切的联系。 淋巴瘤是一种在儿童中不太常见的癌症。
The researchers were unable to say whether the drilling caused the health problems. The studies were not designed to do that. Instead, the researchers looked at health records to try to find out possible connections based on how close people lived to natural gas wells.
研究人员无法确定钻探是否导致了健康问题。 这些研究的目的并不是为了做到这一点。 相反，研究人员查看了健康记录，试图根据人们居住地与天然气井的距离来找出可能的联系。
Gas industry groups say the studies had weaknesses, and had limited data.
天然气行业团体表示，这些研究存在缺陷，且数据有限。
In the cancer study, researchers found that children who lived within 1.6 kilometers of a gas well had five to seven times the chance of developing lymphoma compared with children who lived 8 kilometers or farther from a well. That is equal to about 60 to 84 lymphoma cases per million children living near wells. For kids living farther away, the number is 12 per million.
在癌症研究中，研究人员发现，居住在距气井 1.6 公里范围内的儿童患淋巴瘤的几率是居住在距井 8 公里或更远的儿童的 5 至 7 倍。 这相当于每百万生活在水井附近的儿童中约有 60 至 84 例淋巴瘤病例。 对于居住较远的孩子来说，这个数字是每百万人中有 12 人。
The researchers found that people with asthma who lived near wells were more likely to have severe reactions. However, researchers said they found no clear connection for severe reactions during periods when crews were building, drilling and fracking the well. Fracking is the process of putting liquid into the ground to extract natural gas.
研究人员发现，居住在水井附近的哮喘患者更有可能出现严重反应。 然而，研究人员表示，他们发现在工作人员建造、钻井和压裂油井期间发生的严重反应没有明显的联系。 水力压裂是将液体注入地下以提取天然气的过程。
The four-year, $2.5 million research project is coming to an end. It was established under pressure from the families of childhood cancer patients who live in the nation’s largest natural gas reservoir in western Pennsylvania. A very rare form of bone cancer had been found in dozens of children and young adults in a heavily drilled area outside the city of Pittsburgh.
这个为期四年、耗资 250 万美元的研究项目即将结束。 它是在儿童癌症患者家属的压力下成立的，这些患者居住在宾夕法尼亚州西部全国最大的天然气储层中。 在匹兹堡市外的一个密集钻探地区，数十名儿童和年轻人发现了一种非常罕见的骨癌。
But the researchers said they found no connection between gas drilling and childhood leukemia, brain and bone cancers.
但研究人员表示，他们发现气体钻探与儿童白血病、脑癌和骨癌之间没有联系。
The researchers said their findings on early births and low birth weights among families living closer to gas wells were similar to the mixed results of similar studies. But it said babies born to mothers near active wells in production were about 28 grams lighter on average.
研究人员表示，他们对居住在气井附近的家庭的早产和低出生体重的研究结果与类似研究的混合结果相似。 但报告称，在活跃生产井附近的母亲所生的婴儿平均体重轻约 28 克。
Edward Ketyer is a retired child doctor who sat on a board for the study. He said he expected that the studies would be similar to other research showing the “closer you live to fracking activity, the increased risk you have of being sick with a variety of illnesses.”
爱德华·凯蒂尔（Edward Ketyer）是一位退休儿童医生，也是这项研究的委员会成员。 他说，他预计这些研究将与其他研究类似，显示“你住的地方离水力压裂活动越近，你患各种疾病的风险就越大。”
A number of states have strengthened laws around fracking and waste disposal over the past 10 years. However, researchers have said that it is still unclear how much toxic substancesthe industry puts into the air, injects into the ground or produces as waste.
过去十年来，许多州加强了有关水力压裂和废物处理的法律。 然而，研究人员表示，目前尚不清楚该行业向空气中、注入地下或产生废物的有毒物质有多少。
Large-scale fracking the past 20 years has made the United States into a worldwide oil and gas superpower.
过去20年的大规模水力压裂使美国成为世界石油和天然气超级大国。
But it also brought many protests about water and air pollution, as well as diseases, in states including Texas, Colorado and Pennsylvania.
但它也在德克萨斯州、科罗拉多州和宾夕法尼亚州等州引发了许多针对水和空气污染以及疾病的抗议活动。
