Norman E. (”Ned”) Donoghue II, author, Friends as Enemies: The Quaker Exile amid the British Invasion, 1778-78

“Friends as Enemies: The Quaker Exile amid the British Invasion of Philadelphia, 1777–78” will be the first full book treatment and the definitive work on the Quaker exile, which marked the final political downfall of the powerful Quaker establishment in William Penn’s “holy experiment” in Pennsylvania. Just prior to the British invasion and occupation of Philadelphia in September 1777, Congress and Pennsylvania state officials arrested and exiled to the frontier of Virginia twenty men suspected of loyalism, a dozen of whom were wealthy, aristocratic transatlantic merchants who were also leaders of the Philadelphia Yearly Meeting, a religious policymaking body.