Europe’s Far-Right: Trajectories, Impacts, and Normalization

The provided sources offer a comprehensive overview of modern far-right movements in Europe, tracing their historical evolution and distinguishing between "radical right" and "extreme right" ideologies. They explore the causal factors driving their support, including socio-economic grievances, cultural backlash, and political disaffection, while also detailing their strategic "mainstreaming" efforts through normalization and issue politicization. The texts provide a regional analysis of these movements across Western, Southern, Eastern, and Nordic Europe, highlighting their varied communication and mobilization strategies in the digital age. Finally, the sources assess the far-right's tangible impact on European policy and governance, particularly concerning immigration and social cohesion, and evaluate the effectiveness of counter-strategies from mainstream politics and civil society.

Research done with the help of artificial intelligence, and presented by two AI-generated hosts.