E4: The medical effects of non-lethal weapons. A review by Andrew Robertson

This article by Dr Andrew Robertson, titled "The medical effects of non-lethal weapons. A review," explores the physiological and psychological impacts of various non-lethal weapon systems increasingly used by police and military forces worldwide. It examines effects including blunt trauma, eye damage, auditory effects, electrophysiological disruption, and toxicological/pharmaceutical responses caused by weapons like rubber bullets, lasers, stun grenades, and chemical agents. The author highlights the need for further research to fully understand both short-term and long-term consequences and notes that the definition and classification of these weapons remain somewhat unclear, raising questions about their legality.

Article Link: https://jmvh.org/article/https-doi-ds-org-doilink-03-2023-16296764-jmvh-vol-6-no-1/