Paul explains in Romans 11 that God's dealings with Israel are both complex and full of purpose. Although Israel was set aside as enemies for the sake of the Gentiles receiving the gospel, Israel is still beloved because of God's covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. Since God’s gifts and His calling are irrevocable, Israel’s hardening is only temporary. God’s promises to the patriarchs ensure that Israel will eventually be saved corporately, reaffirming that God's election and love for Israel remain steadfast despite their current unbelief.