An arms race between newts and snakes means biological warfare.
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Main Paper References:
Gilbert AL, Cabrera S, Hague MTJ, Stokes AN, Feldman CR, Hanifin CT, Brodie ED, Brodie ED. 2023. Phenotypic outcomes of predator–prey coevolution are predicted by landscape variation in climate and community composition. Functional Ecology 37:2170–2180. DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14360.
Other Mentioned Papers/Studies:
Calhoun, D. M., Bucciarelli, G. M., Kats, L. B., Zimmer, R. K., & Johnson, P. T. (2017). Noxious newts and their natural enemies: Experimental effects of tetrodotoxin exposure on trematode parasites and aquatic macroinvertebrates. Toxicon, 137, 120-127.
Williams, B. L., Hanifin, C. T., Brodie, E. D., & Brodie III, E. D. (2010). Tetrodotoxin affects survival probability of rough-skinned newts (Taricha granulosa) faced with TTX-resistant garter snake predators (Thamnophis sirtalis). Chemoecology, 20, 285-290.
Editing and Music:
Podcast edited by Emmy – https://www.fiverr.com/emmyk10
Intro/outro – Treehouse by Ed Nelson
Species Bi-week theme – Michael Timothy
Other Music – The Passion HiFi, https://www.thepassionhifi.com
168 Similar Snacks for Sympatric Snakes
167 Resistant Caecilians
166 Emotional Support Rattlesnakes
165 Toad vs Toad
164 Isolated Indigo Snakes
163 Geckos Understand the Smell of Trouble
162 My squeak is as bad as my strike
161 Do colourful lizards make better battlers?
160 Glowing Salamanders
159 When Loggerheads come to blows
158 Colossal Crocs are Big River Chillers
157 The Bushmasters of Brazil
156 Comfort Eating Lizards
155 No Eardrums, No Problem
154 The Frogs Who Live With Ants
153 The Rising Toad Tide
152 Pythons as Prey
151 Glassfrogs and Their Transparent Tricks
150 The Underwater Antics of Turtles
149 The Hidden Risk of Carrying Tadpoles
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