The patient/plaintiff was a 78-year-old man. Doctors identified and removed what they believed was a basal cell carcinoma on his arm. Turns out, it was melanoma. When the patient was eventually diagnosed with melanoma, the disease was advanced. The plaintiff's attorney argued that the initial misdiagnosis damaged his client's chances of survival. But did it? There's a legal theory called "loss of chance." The idea is that when a patient has a horrible prognosis, doctors aren't always liable for a bad outcome. But details matter. Here's what doctors need to know...