Paul wrote to Christians, “don’t get drunk with wine, which leads to reckless actions, but be filled by the Spirit” (Eph 5:18 CSB). If a believer consumes too much alcohol, it can lead to cognitive impairment and harmful behavior. But the believer who is filled with the Spirit will possess divine viewpoint and manifest the fruit of godliness, worship, and thankfulness to the Lord (Eph 5:19-20). To be filled with the Spirit (Eph 5:18) means to be under the guiding influence of the Holy Spi...
Paul wrote to Christians, “don’t get drunk with wine, which leads to reckless actions, but be filled by the Spirit” (Eph 5:18 CSB). If a believer consumes too much alcohol, it can lead to cognitive impairment and harmful behavior. But the believer who is filled with the Spirit will possess divine viewpoint and manifest the fruit of godliness, worship, and thankfulness to the Lord (Eph 5:19-20). To be filled with the Spirit (Eph 5:18) means to be under the guiding influence of the Holy Spirit, who directs the believer’s thoughts, attitudes, and actions in accordance with God’s revealed will in Scripture. It does not mean getting more of the Spirit—every believer already has the indwelling Spirit from the moment of salvation (1 Cor 6:19; Gal 3:2). Rather, it means the Holy Spirit gets more of you—your mind, your volition, your conduct. According to Chafer, “To be filled with the Spirit is to have the Spirit fulfilling in us all that He came into our hearts to do.”[1]
The Greek word translated filled is πληρόω (plēroō), which literally means “to make full” (BDAG, 827), but it often carries the figurative sense of being dominated, influenced, or characterized by something.[2] In Ephesians 5:18, the present passive imperative form (πληροῦσθε) indicates a continuous command for the believer to keep on being filled—that is, habitually directed and empowered by the Spirit. The passive voice implies this is something done to us, not by us; it’s not something we manufacture, but something we allow through yielding. The imperative mood makes it a command to be obeyed, and this by faith (2 Cor 5:7; Heb 10:38).
This idea of internal influence is seen elsewhere—where hearts are filled with sorrow (John 16:6), minds with divine wisdom (Col 1:9), or lives with righteous fruit (Phil 1:11). In each case, the idea is a dominating influence that shapes behavior (cf. Luke 4:28; 5:26; Acts 13:45). Likewise, being filled with the Spirit means being so under His influence that our attitudes, decisions, and actions align with God’s will. Ephesians 5:18-21 shows the fruit of Spirit-filling: joyful singing, gratitude, and submission. The parallel in Colossians 3:16 says, “Let the word of Christ richly dwell within you,” linking the Spirit’s filling with Scripture’s influence. The Spirit of God guides us by means of the Word of God, which He helps us understand and which He recalls to our thinking when needed. As we learn to walk by the Spirit (Gal 5:16), in step with His guidance, the fruit of the Spirit becomes manifest (Gal 5:22-23).
The Spirit Illumines and Recalls Scripture
The Spirit of God teaches us, illumines our minds, and recalls Scripture for us to obey. Jesus told His disciples in John 16 that the Holy Spirit would “guide you into all the truth” (John 16:13), and that “He will teach you all things, and bring to your remembrance all that I said to you” (John 14:26). This promise, originally given to the apostles, has a broader application in the Church Age, as the Spirit continues to illuminate God’s Word for all believers (1 Cor 2:12-13).
The Spirit of God uses the Word of God to shape and direct the child of God. He brings light to the text and light to the heart, enabling us not only to understand Scripture but to recall and apply it in real-time situations (cf. Psa 119:105). This is the backbone of spiritual growth—learning Bible doctrine, storing it in the heart, and then watching the Spirit activate that truth when it’s most needed (John 17:17; 2 Tim 3:16-17). The Christian who walks by the Spirit is not passive but mentally engaged, saturated with Scripture, and spiritually responsive, willing to do God’s will. As Christians learn and apply Scripture, they are wielding “the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God” (Eph 6:17).
Walk by Faith
After being born again by faith alone in Christ alone (Rom 3:28; Gal 2:16; Eph 2:8-9), we are to continue in faith. Paul wrote, “as you have received Christ Jesus the Lord, so walk in Him” (Col 2:6). We received Jesus by faith, and after being born again, we are to “walk by faith, not by sight” (2 Cor 5:7). The word “walk” translates the Greek verb peripateō (περιπατέω), which is here used as a metaphor for how we live, behave, or habitually conduct our lives. To walk by faith means we learn and apply God’s Word to our lives (i.e., marriage, family, education, work, finances, etc.). It means obeying God’s directives, claiming His promises, and utilizing His resources for our daily problems. We are also instructed to “walk by the Spirit” and not the flesh (Gal 5:16). When we live by faith and depend on the Spirit for strength and guidance, we “walk in a manner worthy of the calling” with which we have been called (Eph 4:1).
As Christians, we are commanded to “walk by the Spirit” (Gal 5:16), which means walking in daily, moment by moment, dependance of the Spirit’s guidance. This means learning God’s Word and applying it by faith. The walk of faith and walking by the Spirit are not two different paths—they are one and the same. Both describe the Christian life lived in moment-by-moment dependence on God. Walking by faith means trusting in God’s promises, character, and provisions even when circumstances seem contrary (2 Cor 5:7; Heb 10:38; 11:1, 6). Walking by the Spirit means yielding to the Spirit’s guidance, relying on His power, and following His lead in obedience to the Word (Gal 5:16, 25). These are complementary perspectives on the same spiritual reality.
The Spirit of God never leads contrary to the Word of God. And the life of faith is never disconnected from the Spirit’s enablement. Just as we are justified by grace through faith (Rom 5:1), we are also sanctified by grace through faith—by walking in step with the Spirit (Gal 3:3). That means trusting Him to empower us to say “no” to the flesh and “yes” to righteousness (Rom 6:11-14; Gal 5:22-23). Faith is the channel, and the Spirit is the agent. When we walk by the Spirit, we walk by faith; and when we walk by faith, we’re relying on the Spirit’s power, not our own effort.
In practical terms, walking by the Spirit through faith means living each day in confident trust that God’s Word is true, God’s Spirit is present, and God’s grace is sufficient. We don’t always feel spiritual—but we can always choose to trust. It’s a mindset of humble dependence that says, “Lord, I believe Your Word, and I’m counting on You to work through me today.”
Summary
In summary, to be filled with the Spirit is to live the Christian life under divine influence—thinking God’s thoughts, responding with His wisdom, and walking in His will. It is not an emotional high or mystical experience but a steady, faith-dependent surrender to the Spirit’s guidance through the Word of God. The Spirit illumines, teaches, and recalls truth so that the believer can obey in real time. He empowers what Scripture commands and aligns our lives with God’s desires. This filling is not about getting more of the Spirit but about the Spirit getting more of us—our thoughts, our attitudes, our choices. As we walk by faith, saturated with Scripture and yielded to His leading, the Spirit produces His fruit in and through us. This is the healthy Christian life: not self-powered but Spirit-enabled; not works-based but grace-driven. The filling of the Spirit is how we live out the righteousness we’ve received in Christ—it’s the engine behind all true spiritual growth, and it happens one step of faith at a time.
Steven R. Cook, D.Min., M.Div.
[1] Lewis Sperry Chafer, The Ephesian Letter (New York: Loizeaux Brothers, 1935), 151.
[2] The Greek word πίμπλημι (pimplēmi) communicates a similar idea. For example, in Luke 4:28, the people in the synagogue were “filled with rage” when Jesus exposed their unbelief. Similarly, Luke 5:26 describes a crowd that was “filled with fear” after witnessing a miracle, showing how awe and reverence seized their hearts. In Acts 13:45, the Jewish leaders “were filled with jealousy” upon seeing the crowds gather to hear Paul—they didn’t just envy, they were controlled by envy, and it drove them to oppose the gospel.
