Dairy Focus PaperCast

Response of Holstein calves and heifers carrying the SLICK1 allele to heat stress

The SLICK haplotype, originally identified in Senepol cattle, has been introduced into Holsteins. Inheritance of the SLICK1 allele of the prolactin receptor gene improves thermotolerance of lactating Holstein cows under humid heat stress conditions.Dr. Anna Denicol of the University of California-Davis, along with her research group, recently published a study on whether pre- and postweaning Holstein heifers carrying the SLICK1 allele would show physiological responses indicative of higher tolerance to heat stress in high- and low-humidity climates. In this video, Dr. Phil Cardoso talks with Dr. Denicol about her work.Links to papers and other sources mentioned in this episodeCarmickle et al. 2022, Physiological responses of Holstein calves and heifers carrying the SLICK1 allele to heat stress in California and Florida dairy farms.https://www.journalofdairyscience.org/article/S0022-0302(22)00527-6/fulltextDOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22177Dikmen et al. 2014, The SLICK hair locus derived from Senepol cattle confers thermotolerance to intensively managed lactating Holstein cows.https://www.journalofdairyscience.org/article/S0022-0302(14)00457-3/fulltextDOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8087Sosa et al. 2021, Inheritance of the SLICK1 allele of PRLR in cattle.https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/age.13145DOI: 10.1111/age.13145Vapometer to measure the speed of water leaving the skinhttps://delfintech.com/products/vapometer/

Effective nutritional strategies to mitigate enteric methane in dairy cattle

Methane is a potent greenhouse gas that traps energy far more efficiently than carbon dioxide. Reduction of methane emissions is thus essential to slowing climate change, and livestock are a major source of these emissions. Dr. Phil Cardoso talks with Dr. Alex Hristov of Penn State University about nutritional strategies for mitigating production of methane by dairy cattle. They discuss the effectiveness of several different feed additives at reducing methane emissions and their effects on DMI and milk production.Links to papers and other sources mentioned in this episodeHristov et al. 2022. Symposium review: Effective nutritional strategies to mitigate enteric methane in dairy cattle.DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21398https://www.journalofdairyscience.org/article/S0022-0302(22)00392-7/fulltextInternational Methane Emissions Observatory (IMEO) https://www.unep.org/explore-topics/energy/what-we-do/imeoJoint EU-US Statement on the Global Methane Pledge https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_21_5206Hristov et al. 2015, An inhibitor persistently decreased enteric methane emission from dairy cows with no negative effect on milk production.DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1504124112https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.150412411273rd Annual Meeting of EAAP. Porto, Portugal, September 5–9 2022.https://eaap2022.org/docs/Final_Programme_EAAP22.pdf#page=53Arndt et al. 2022, Full adoption of the most effective strategies to mitigate methane emissions by ruminants can help meet the 1.5 °C target by 2030 but not 2050.DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2111294119https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2111294119Duin et al. 2016, Mode of action uncovered for the specific reduction of methane emissions from ruminants by the small molecule 3-nitrooxypropanol.DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1600298113Pitta et al. 2022, The effect of 3-nitrooxypropanol, a potent methane inhibitor, on ruminal microbial gene expression profiles in dairy cows.DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01341-9https://microbiomejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40168-022-01341-9FAO-IPCC Expert Meeting on Climate Change, Land Use and Food Security. Rome, Italy January 23–25 2017.https://www.fao.org/3/i7068e/i7068e.pdfHristov and Melgar 2020, Short communication: Relationship of dry matter intake with enteric methane emission measured with the GreenFeed system in dairy cows receiving a diet without or with 3-nitrooxypropanol.DOI: 10.1017/S1751731120001731https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1751731120001731?via%3Dihubhttps://globalresearchalliance.org/research/livestock/networks/feed-nutrition-network/Hammond et al. 2016, Review of current in vivo measurement techniques for quantifying enteric methane emission from ruminants.DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.05.018https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0377840116302048Roque et al. 2019, Inclusion of Asparagopsis armata in lactating dairy cows’ diet reduces enteric methane emission by over 50 percent.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0959652619321559DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.06.193Martins et al. 2022, Effects of feeding method and frequency on lactationalperformance and enteric methane emission in dairy cows.https://www.adsa.org/Portals/0/SiteContent/Docs/Meetings/2022ADSA/Abstracts_BOOK_2022.pdf#page=79Martins et al. 2022, Effects of botanical preparations on lactational perfor-mance and enteric methane emission in dairy cows.https://www.adsa.org/Portals/0/SiteContent/Docs/Meetings/2022ADSA/Abstracts_BOOK_2022.pdf#page=131

Sodium butyrate and monensin supplementation to postweaning heifer diets

Dr. Phil Cardoso talks with Dr. Peter Erickson and Tess Stahl of the University of New Hampshire about the effects of feeding diets containing supplementary sodium butyrate and monensin on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and health in postweaned heifers. Links to papers mentioned in this episodeStahl TC, Hatungimana E, Klanderman KD, Moreland SC, Erickson PS. 2020. Sodium butyrate and monensin supplementation to postweaning heifer diets: Effects on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and health.DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18584https://www.journalofdairyscience.org/article/S0022-0302(20)30720-7/fulltextRice EM, Aragona KM, Moreland SC, Erickson PS. 2019.Supplementation of sodium butyrate to postweaned heifer diets: Effects on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and health.DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15525https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30738684/Górka P, Kowalski ZM, Zabielski R, Guilloteau P. 2018. Invited review: Use of butyrate to promote gastrointestinal tract development in calves.DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14086https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030218302212Kononoff PJ. Snow DD, Christiansen DA. 2017. Drinking Water for Dairy Cattle. Pages 611–624 in Large Dairy Herd Management.DOI: 10.3168/ldhm.0845https://ldhm.adsa.org/Rosa F, Busato S, Avaroma FC, Linville K, Trevisi E, Osorio JS. 2018. Transcriptional changes detected in fecal RNA of neonatal dairy calves undergoing a mild diarrhea are associated with inflammatory biomarkers.DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191599https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0191599Hatungimana E, Stahl TC, Erickson PS. 2020. Growth performance and apparent total tract nutrient digestibility of limit-fed diets containing wet brewer's grains to Holstein heifers.DOI: 10.1093/tas/txaa079https://academic.oup.com/tas/article/4/3/txaa079/5855081

How prepartum stocking density and blinds affect calving in Holstein cows

Dr. Phil Cardoso talks with Dr. Kate Creutzinger of the University of Guelph and Dr. Katy Proudfoot of the University of Prince Edward Island about the effects of prepartum stocking density and a blind on physiological biomarkers, health, and hygiene of transition Holstein dairy cows.Links to papers mentioned in this episodeCreutzinger et al. 2020, Effects of prepartum stocking density and a blind on physiological biomarkers, health, and hygiene of transition Holstein dairy cows.DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18718https://www.journalofdairyscience.org/article/S0022-0302(20)30905-X/fulltextEdwards et al. 2020, Calving location preference and changes in lying and exploratory behavior of preparturient dairy cattle with access to pasture.DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17218https://www.journalofdairyscience.org/article/S0022-0302(20)30252-6/fulltextZobel et al. 2020, The use of hides during and after calving in New Zealand dairy cows.DOI: 10.3390/ani10122255https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/12/2255 Creutzinger et al. 2021, The effect of stocking density and a blind on the behavior of Holstein dairy cattle in group maternity pens. Part I: Calving location, locomotion, and separation behavior.DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19744https://www.journalofdairyscience.org/article/S0022-0302(21)00453-7/fulltextCreutzinger et al. 2021, The effect of stocking density and a blind on the behavior of Holstein dairy cows in group maternity pens. Part II: Labor length, lying behavior, and social behavior.DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19745https://www.journalofdairyscience.org/article/S0022-0302(21)00454-9/fulltext

Palmitic to oleic acid ratio and its effect on milk production

Dr. Phil Cardoso and Dr. Adam Lock of Michigan State University discuss Dr. Lock’s recent study on the effect of supplementing two major fatty acids, palmitic and oleic acid, in different ratios on milk production in high-, medium- and low-producing cows.Links to papers mentioned in this episodeWestern et al. 2020, Milk production responses to altering the dietary ratio of palmitic and oleic acids varies with production level in dairy cows. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2020-18936 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33069410/de Souza et al. 2019, Altering the ratio of dietary C16:0 and cis-9 C18:1 interacts with production level in dairy cows: Effects on production responses and energy partitioning. DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16374https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31495626/Lock et al. 2006, Concepts of fat and fatty acid digestion in ruminants. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266499830_Concepts_of_fat_and_fatty_acid_digestion_in_ruminantsBurch et al 2020, Milk production responses of dairy cows to fatty acid supplements with different ratios of palmitic and oleic acid in low- and high-fat basal diets. Abstract #175 in https://www.adsa.org/Portals/0/SiteContent/Docs/Meetings/2020ADSA/ADSA2020_Abstracts.pdf?v20200708.