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Glossary
Foreign direct investment (FDI)
(10:34 or p.3 in the transcript)
Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a category of cross-border investment in which an investor resident in one economy establishes a lasting interest in and a significant degree of influence over an enterprise resident in another economy. Ownership of 10 percent or more of the voting power in an enterprise in one economy by an investor in another economy is evidence of such a relationship. FDI is a key element in international economic integration because it creates stable and long-lasting links between economies. FDI is an important channel for the transfer of technology between countries, promotes international trade through access to foreign markets, and can be an important vehicle for economic development. source
Mali Civil War
(17:15 or p.5 in the transcript)
Mali has been in crisis since 2012, when a northern separatist rebellion led by members of the minority ethnic Tuareg community paved the way for a military coup and an Islamist insurgent advance. Rebels—bolstered by arms from Libya and fighters with ties to Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM)—declared an independent state of “Azawad” in the north. By mid-2012, AQIM and two allied groups had outmaneuvered the separatists to assert control over much of the north. At the transitional government’s request, France deployed its military in early 2013 to counter an Islamist insurgent advance and ousted insurgent leaders from major towns in the north. A U.N. peacekeeping operation, MINUSMA, was established in mid-2013 to help stabilize the country, absorbing a nascent African-led intervention force. Veteran politician Ibrahim Boubacar Kéïta was elected president, at which point donors, including the United States, normalized relations with Bamako. French forces transitioned into Operation Barkhane, a regional counterterrorism mission that received U.S. military logistical support, in 2014. Under international pressure to reach a peace deal in the north, the government signed an accord in 2015 with two armed coalitions: one led by ex-separatists, and the other by pro-unity groups with ties to Bamako. President Kéïta was reelected in 2018, but opposition mounted over corruption, allegedly fraudulent legislative elections, insecurity, and economic hardships. Large street protests erupted against Kéïta’s administration in mid-2020. State security forces cracked down on protesters, and Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) mediators failed to achieve a roadmap out of the impasse. The 2020 coup d’état followed. source
Daniela Schwarzer on Europe’s Strategic Conundrums (Part 2)
Daniela Schwarzer on Europe’s Strategic Conundrums (Part 1)
Martin Krygier on Anti-Constitutional Populism
Yehouda Shenhav-Shahrabani on Israel: Democracy on the Defensive
Sergei Guriev on the Changing Face of Autocracy
Mukulika Banerjee on the Cultivation of Democracy in India
Ken Opalo on the Prospects of Democracy in Africa
Ronald Daniels on the Role of Universities in Strengthening Democracy
Shaharzad Akbar on Afghanistan after Democracy
Thomas Carothers on Democratic Backsliding in a Comparative Perspective
Azadeh Moaveni on the Ongoing Iranian Demonstrations Fueled and Led by Women
Ricardo Regatieri on Brazilian Elections: Bolsonarism and Its Aftermath
Charles Taylor on Degenerations and Regenerations of Democracy
Craig Calhoun on the Current Crisis of American and Global Democracy and Potential Remedies
Leonard Benardo on Civil Society and the Politics and Practices of Civil Society Organizations
Nadia Urbinati on the Resurgence of Populism, its History, and its Various Forms
Mykola Gnatovskyy on the establishment of a Special Tribunal to Investigate the Crimes of Aggression against Ukraine
Neloufer de Mel on the Current Economic, Social and Political Situation in Sri Lanka
The Fragility of US Democracy and the Genuine Threat of Fascism it Faces
Mary Kaldor on NATO, Human Security, the Changing Face of Global War and the Effectiveness of Sanctions and Debt Cancellation
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