What is the economy? People used to tell stories about the exchange of goods and services in terms of flows and processes — but over the last few hundred years, economic theory veered toward measuring discrete amounts of objects. Why? The change has less to do with the objective nature of economies and more to do with what tools theorists had available. And scientific instruments — be they material technologies or concepts — don’t just make new things visible, but also hide things in new blind spots. For instance, algebra does very well with ratios and quantities…but fails to properly address what markets do: how innovation works, where value comes from, and how economic actors navigate (and change) a fundamentally uncertain shifting landscape. With the advent of computers, new opportunities emerge to study that which cannot be contained in an equation. Using algorithms, scientists can formalize complex behaviors – and thinking economics in both nouns and verbs provides a more complete and useful stereoscopic view of what we are and do.
This week we speak with W. Brian Arthur of The Santa Fe Institute, Stanford University, and Xerox PARC about his recent essay, “Economics in Nouns and Verbs.” In this first part of a two-part conversation, we explore how a mathematics of static objects fails to describe economies in motion — and how a process-based approach can fill gaps in our understanding. If you can’t wait two weeks for Part Two, dig through our archives for more Brian Arthur in episodes 13 and 14.
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Related Reading & Listening:
• “Economics in Nouns and Verbs” by W. Brian Arthur (pre-print)
• @sfiscience Twitter thread excerpting “Economics in Nouns and Verbs”
• “Mathematical languages shape our understanding of time in physics” by Nicolas Gisin for Nature Physics
• “Introduction to PNAS special issue on evolutionary models of financial markets” by Simon Levin & Andrew Lo
• “The Information Theory of Individuality” by David Krakauer et al. for Theory in Biosciences
• “On Coronavirus, Crisis, and Creative Opportunity with David Krakauer” on Complexity Podcast
• “The Erotics of Becoming: XENOGENESIS and The Thing” by Eric White for Science Fiction Studies
• “New model shows how social networks could help generate economic phenomena like inequality & business cycles” by INET Oxford on research by J. Doyne Farmer
Kate Adamala on Synthetic Biology, Origins of Life, and Bioethics
Miguel Fuentes & Marco Buongiorno Nardelli on Music, Emergence, and Society
Steven Teles & Rajiv Sethi on Jailbreaking The Captured Economy (EPE 04)
Caleb Scharf on The Ascent of Information: Life in The Human Dataome
Daniel Lieberman on Evolution and Exercise: The Science of Human Endurace
Aviv Bergman on The Evolution of Robustness and Integrating The Disciplines
Sara Walker on The Physics of Life and Planet-Scale Intelligence
Dmitri Tymoczko on The Shape of Music: Mathematical Order in Western Tonality
Seth Blumsack on Power Grids: Network Topology & Governance
Ricardo Hausmann & J. Doyne Farmer on Evolving Technologies & Market Ecologies (EPE 03)
Eric Beinhocker & Diane Coyle on Rethinking Economics for A Sustainable & Prosperous World (EPE 02)
David Krakauer on Emergent Political Economies and A Science of Possibility (EPE 01)
C. Brandon Ogbunu on Epistasis & The Primacy of Context in Complex Systems
Mingzhen Lu on The Evolution of Root Systems & Biogeochemical Cycling
The Ethics of Autonomous Vehicles with Bryant Walker Smith
Elizabeth Hobson on Animal Dominance Hierarchies
Hard Sci-Fi Worldbuilding, Robotics, Society, & Purpose with Gary Bengier
Multiscale Crisis Response: Melanie Moses & Kathy Powers, Part 2
Fractal Inequality & The Complexity of Repair: Kathy Powers & Melanie Moses, Part 1
Reflections on COVID-19 with David Krakauer & Geoffrey West
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