Cyber Warfare and Geopolitical Risks

This episode explores how cyber warfare has emerged as a major geopolitical issue in the 21st century. It defines cyber warfare as digital attacks between nations designed to disrupt infrastructure, steal data, or influence societies. Key examples include the 2007 Estonia attacks, the Stuxnet virus, and election interference in the U.S.

The episode outlines the national security implications of cyberattacks, which can target power grids, financial systems, or political institutions, often without clear attribution. It emphasizes how cyber conflicts mirror traditional geopolitical rivalries but operate in a “gray zone” that complicates accountability and retaliation.