We show that the filtration given by the central descending series of the commutator of the free Lie algebra on two generators x,y induces by a filtration of the graded Lie algebra grt_1 associated to the Grothendieck-Teichmüller group. The degree 0 part of the associated graded space has already been computed (by the collaborator of the author). We get here a lower bound for the degree 1 part; more precisely, this graded space splits into a sum of homogeneous components, on which we get a filtration and we give a lower bound for the dimensions of each sub-quotient.
The proof uses the construction of a vector space included in certain Lie sub-algebras of extensions between abelian Lie algebras, and reduces the problem to a question of commutative algebras, which is treated with invariant theory and results of Ihara, Takao, and Schneps on the quadratic relations between elements of the degree 1 part associated to grt_1 for the depth filtration (corresponding to the y-degree). As a corollary, we give another proof of a statement of Ecalle describing the sub-space of the degree 2 part of the same graded space.
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