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雪球·财经有深度

雪球·财经有深度

Business:Investing

1869.浅谈种植牙集采

1869.浅谈种植牙集采

2022-08-18
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欢迎收听雪球和喜马拉雅联合出品的财经有深度,雪球,国内领先的集投资交流交易一体的综合财富管理平台,聪明的投资者都在这里。听众朋友们大家好,我是主播匪石-34,今天分享的内容叫浅谈种植牙集采,来自邓普顿是谁。

种植牙的“集采”,严格意义上来说不算集采,既没有医保支付,也没有利用医院销售渠道的强势地位去强势议价,本质来说更像是“行政限价”,是对民生关切的一种回应,回应本身是好事的,体现了国家心里惦记着老百姓,这个初心很好。

“行政限价”的效果可能会比集采的效果差一些,集采说到底还是通过市场的机制起作用,这么强大的支付方,这么强大的销售渠道,体现一下强势地位,降低价格是自然的事情,很容易达成。但直接“行政定价”的效果可能就差不少了,毕竟没有那么多的机制来保障,医保并没去支付种植牙的费用,患者对种牙也具有更大的自主选择权。

我们国家这么多年吃了很多直接定价的苦,市场化改革的决心也一直在,比如利率市场化改革,都这么多年了,其实还没有完全理顺市场化机制,但相比于直接对利率进行人为定价,通过市场机制的作用去影响利率价格好处是显而易见的,即“行政定价”的路子效果可能是存疑的,包括18年殡葬行业管理条例中关于墓地价格的规定,到现在已经四五年过去了,还没有国家层面的条例落地,各地也开始出现了自己的条例,大部分也允许了市场定价部分的存在,只是更大程度上保障了公益部分的供给,可见直接消除市场价格,全部实行限价与政府调节价,倒是简单粗暴,但不一定能解决问题。

几点其他现状:

1、公立医院供给非常有限,仅占2成左右,大部分供给是民营医院以及分散的小诊所。当然监管依然可以通过医保定点这种条件来强制要求各方保证低价项目的供给,但作用力小于集采,且供给端分散性决定了当前牙的市场化程度已经很高,竞争可以说相当激烈,价格也反映了当前供需矛盾。为何种牙这么贵呢,材料这种工业品供给容易增加,但医生的供给实在是缺乏,全国就30万牙医,所以种植牙的贵主要体现在服务提供者的稀缺。成本方面也是如此,材料成本也就二三十,主要在人工,而医生的供给想要迅速增加又比较困难,供给弹性比较小,好的牙医研究生下来还得搞个三五年;如果强行压制医生的费用,没有好的激励,恐怕会进一步造成医生的供给困难,从而带来一些列问题。当然,适当缩减待遇水平,减轻患者负担也是应该可以接受的,但地板式压价就有问题了。

2、与药品的集采不同,种牙还是保留了高端项目,允许分层的存在。以宁波跟蚌埠为例,与其说是降价,不如说是新增了部分国产、进口低价种植牙项目,即并非种植牙项目全部实现统一定价,消灭高端,而是增加普惠性项目的供给保障。这点不同很重要,毕竟有钱人真的太多了,不管是一万还是五万,对于高端人群来说其实没太大区别,虽然很残酷但现实就是如此,有钱人对价格的不敏感程度很强;当然中端、偏低端的项目因为“集采”的出现带动价格往下走一点,比如整体降价2~3成,也是很有可能出现的,这不是坏事,影响也相对有限。公立医院在“集采”的过程中,由于要保持政治正确,可能会被要求强行保障一部分低价项目,但只要允许其高端项目的部分存在,对公立医院影响也并非破坏性的,若完全要求只能低价,公立医院压力就大很多,毕竟全国目前三级医院仍有接近一半在亏损,二级与一级就更不必说了,另外会不会有优秀医生公转私的问题也未可知。

3、从收入占比来看,通策的种植牙收入近占比17%,是相当有限了,当然这是营收贡献,如果是利润的话,应该占比会高很多,毕竟这个毛利还是相对高一些的,但即使出现清零,其代价也不是完全不能承受,儿童跟正畸的占比不低,其他杂七杂八的项目占比也不低,相对业务发展很均衡。整体来看,其实整个行业的逻辑还是需求驱动,这个牛鼻子并没与发生变化。

4、当我们谈“暴利”的时候,说的是单价比较高,但其实整个行业大部分牙诊所跟医院盈利能力堪忧,亏损面很大,要是算整体账的话,盈利是很差的,通策做这么厉害,利润率也才二十多。“行政限价”如果全国展开,必然会出现供给侧的出清,集中度会相对增加不少,目前通策牙医才两千左右,市占率不足百分之一,即除了行业增长的逻辑外,集中度提升的逻辑可能也会进一步演化推进。

5、“行政限价”其实是共同富裕要求的一个细节上的体现,共同富裕确实是人类历史上的一个伟大的理想,让人心生敬佩,只是难度不小,单是初步发展到小康社会,消灭绝对贫困,我们就用了四十多年的时间,未来想要进一步发展达到发达国家的水平,同时再确保分配更加均衡,可能需要更长的路要走。在这个过程当中,可能会出现一些“走捷径”的偷懒式的实践,既然是“共同”富裕,很容易被人误导成限制高收入,限制高价商品与服务等,另外很多声音总是从分配的角度做文章,其实黄奇帆关于“共同富裕”,有一个观点写的很好,其实更应该从想方设法对低收入地区、人群开源的角度去实现共同富裕,找到他们对优势,特色产业去提高效率,提高竞争优势以提高收入水平,而非总是在分配层面做文章,即开源思路为主,分配为辅,若思路反了,很容易造成平均主义,到最后走向共同贫穷。



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