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雪球·财经有深度

雪球·财经有深度

Business:Investing

1919.困境反转型投资机会探讨

1919.困境反转型投资机会探讨

2022-10-07
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欢迎收听雪球和喜马拉雅联合出品的财经有深度,雪球,国内领先的集投资交流交易一体的综合财富管理平台,聪明的投资者都在这里。听众朋友们大家好,我是主播匪石-34,今天分享的内容叫困境反转型投资机会探讨,来自二马由之。


这里我先对于困境反转做一个说明。首先是企业陷入了困境,这里面包括行业处于萧条周期,企业自身的经营出现了问题等等,总之是企业陷入困境了。其次,我们更为强调的是反转。就是企业的经营是能够反转的。有些企业及行业陷入了长期的衰退,甚至消亡,不再反转,这不在我们的研究范围。


我提到的困境反转类似周期股投资。


一直以来,我都是基本面右侧投资者。那么现在探讨困境反转型投资机会,是否表示我的投资风格或者体系有所变化。我个人是这么看的,细节有变化,总体原则没有。


这里涉及到对应基本面右侧的定义。基本面右侧表示企业的经营逻辑没有问题,或者说逻辑是健康、良性的。这里举一个例子,白酒企业可能因为疫情原因销售出现困难,业绩受到了冲击,但是我们不认为白酒企业的基本面出现了问题。也就是我不会将一些逻辑无忧,但是短期业绩出现问题的企业归为基本面左侧企业。即针对一些能够确定反转的目前陷入困境的企业的投资可以认为是基本面右侧投资。


那么困境反转型投资应该具备什么样的特点。


首先我认为这是深度价值投资的一个分支。由于企业处于困境,短期业绩不佳,市场预期极度悲观,其当期估值极具吸引力。这里我提到的估值不是PE,而是未来自由现金流折现。投资者以当期价格买入是具有很强的保护的。企业继续下跌的空间已经不大。


买入这类企业可以选择长期持有;但是最佳的选择是等其反转,当其经营反转时,往往市场会对其重新估值。这个时候股价会迎来爆发式增长。投资者可以选择企业经营及估值反转后卖出。


实际持有这样的企业其实并不容易。首先投资者需要确定企业的经营是可以反转的;其次,买入的估值虽然已经很有吸引力了,但是股价还有可能暴跌,投资者还可能需要等不短的时间才能迎来企业经营的反转。


困境反转型投资的注意事项:


1、一定只投那些可以简单确认其可以困境反转的企业;

2、困境反转型投资强调价格保护。当企业陷入困境时,我们判断其可以困境反转,但是困难之处在于我们往往较难判断其具体反转的时间。因此买入价格要足够便宜,至少如果持有3年时间,当企业的业绩恢复正常,估值恢复到合理值时,100%的投资收益作为买入的价格保护。如果判断反转在即,价格保护标准可以降低一些。

3、投资困境反转型企业,讲究的广泛的研究及跟踪。同时跟踪多个行业及企业,只有在估值足够低的时候才介入,机会不到不买入。

4、投资困境反转型企业有两个买入机会。

提前买入:提前买入主要是看估值,当估值足够低的时候买入,不考虑具体什么时候开始反转。这个方法的缺点在于买入后可能会出现漫长的等待,也有可能还会持续的下跌;

等反转催化剂到来后买入:这个方法的好处在于效率高,但是当催化剂来临时,股价可能已经上涨不少。不过也有催化剂来的时候,股价还在低位的情况。这是最好的情况。这让我想起一句歌词:如果让我遇见你,而你正当年轻。


以上是我关于困境反转型投资的总体思考,这里面还有一些细节需要推敲。也欢迎大家一起探讨。



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