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雪球·财经有深度

雪球·财经有深度

Business:Investing

2049.神仙开局的迪士尼,游戏业务为何不出彩?

2049.神仙开局的迪士尼,游戏业务为何不出彩?

2023-02-14
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欢迎收听雪球和喜马拉雅联合出品的财经有深度,雪球,国内领先的集投资交流交易一体的综合财富管理平台,聪明的投资者都在这里。听众朋友们大家好,我是主播匪石-34,今天分享的内容叫神仙开局的迪士尼,游戏业务为何不出彩?来自田瑀投资笔记。


迪士尼是一家享誉全球的娱乐行业巨头,有着近百年的历史,创造了人类动画史上大量经典角色,获得业内外的美誉众多,如果再算上其兼并卢卡斯影业、漫威、皮克斯动画、ESPN体育等众多的知名企业,其内容IP矩阵堪称殿堂级水准。


但就是这样一家在娱乐领域的神话级公司,在游戏领域却没什么声响,国内玩家似乎也没玩过它的什么游戏。但其实迪士尼早在上个世纪80年代就已经开始自研游戏。


今天就来聊聊迪士尼曲折的游戏发展史。


迪士尼自研游戏的开端是一次赶鸭子上架。80年代早期,迪士尼的游戏业务以授权开发为主,凭借优质的IP资源,当时任天堂、雅达利都是迪士尼游戏合作商。1986年迪士尼的真人动画电影《谁陷害了兔子罗杰》在北美公映,迪士尼高层要求在电影公映的极短时间内上市相关游戏。


可当时的PC平台并未统一,正意气风发的迪士尼不可能因为极端的工期而降低要求,合作方需要在短短的几个月内开发出基于北美数个主要流行的平台上推出游戏,再加上迪士尼高额的版权费和销售分成,最终没有第三方开发商愿意接手这个项目。不得已之下,迪士尼只能抽调自己开发教育软件的团队进行自研。这是迪士尼的自研游戏的开端,也是迪士尼后续游戏子公司WDCS的前身。


虽然是赶鸭子上架的产品,但却获得了意外的成功,25万份的销量虽然称不上顶尖,但却也让迪士尼尝到了甜头,此后迪士尼决定成立一家具有制作、宣发和渠道的游戏子公司来试水自研游戏。不过,成立伊始由于高层对于游戏业务并没有清晰的战略和定位,集团对于这块业务的态度是放养看看,给予充分的自由。


当时WDCS主管的运营思路就自然地以一家游戏公司的视角制定,做优质的游戏内容。时任迪士尼软件/音乐副总裁的雪莉·迈尔斯曾表示“我们的标准就是好游戏,首先让自己的员工喜欢。”从诸多发言中可以看出,当时的WDCS是作为游戏公司独立发展的,并非服务于集团的战略发展或者作为迪士尼的IP变现渠道。在这一段时间他们也推出了不少品质较高的作品,如《极限之岛》、《小美人鱼》、《迪士尼出品:动画工作室》等,然而正是WDCS的逐渐成功,使得他们成为迪士尼高层开始“重视”游戏业务,但这样的重视最终带来的是WDCS的落没。


当时的迪士尼高层将游戏业务纳入迪士尼的生态链中考虑时,认为游戏业务应服务于公司的整体战略,开发的游戏都应包含迪士尼的内容背景和人物IP,并对游戏部门在过往开辟新IP的“不务正业”予以了否定。“重视”游戏部门,他们成立了所谓的项目审查委员会。此外,WDCS的立项原则和立项难度都发生了较大的变化,这样的项目审查会上被问及最多的无非是,你们这个项目对集团IP有什么贡献,你们这个项目到底能赚多少钱,为什么IP授权能稳赚不赔还要自己开发,生生把一群有理想的游戏开发者逼疯。这样的冲突最后并未妥善解决,到90年代公司的新项目几乎无法推进,绝大部分新项目提案都会石沉大海。


迪士尼的游戏业务开局不可谓不豪华,但在初步成功后却遭到了集团层面的剿灭。站在WDCS的管理层角度来看,似乎是迪士尼集团不懂游戏业务,限制了这一可以创造快乐的发挥空间、损失了机会。但站在迪士尼自身的角度来看,授权IP给第三方开发游戏在财务回报上可能是更加稳妥的方式,集团的任何业务都应围绕IP内容制作来进行。


这两者并没有对错之分,只是不同视角的最优解不同而已。迪士尼对于游戏业务的定位是IP变现渠道,这样的选择虽然财务回报最为稳妥,但也限制了其游戏业务的上限,因为只考虑怎么赚钱的游戏公司是不能留住有趣的内容的。而迪士尼也非常清楚其业务的护城河不会建立在游戏业务之上,在游戏业务的投入上也及时收缩,专心打造内容帝国。


讲到这里大家有没有发现国内某些游戏大厂的情况也有些类似呢,游戏收入虽然是大头但本质上并非一个游戏公司,也不能以单纯游戏公司的视角去评判。



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