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Steps to set up and use group recording in the Podbean app.
每个人都是“托儿”
作者:郭腾尹
美国有一个知名的心理学家米尔格拉姆曾经在纽约的繁华街道上,做了一个实验,他准备了一些“托儿”,让这些人站在路上,然后抬头看着马路对面大楼的六楼,他想了解这个怪异的举动对经过的路人有何影响?“托儿”共分为六组,分别是1、2、3、5、10及15人一组,实验的结果,当“托儿”为一人时,只有4%的人会受到影响;当变成15人时,有40%的路人会停下来;随着“托儿”增多,停下来的行人比例会直线增加。
另外一种实验的方式是路人并没有停留下来,但却边走边注意“托儿”所注意的方向,这时当“托儿”的人数是1人时,有42%的路人会注视;“托儿” 是3人时超过60%;“托儿”5人时,有达86%的人会与“托儿”一起看大楼;但与停下脚步的路人相比,后者后来即使“托儿”的人数继续增加,却保持一种稳定的比例。
根据此实验的结果分析,心理学家想了解到底多少人聚集最有效果呢?答案出来了,是3人。也就是有3个人的共识或具体行为,就会产生推波助澜的结果。“3”这个数字很有趣。
比如“曾参杀人”的故事,曾参的母亲在第三次听到此消息后惊恐万分,立刻丢掉织布的梭子翻墙而逃;另一则故事成语“三人成虎”,一样是众口铄金的例子,一样也跟“3”有关。
知道这种人性的特质后,也不用太紧张,因为人生都是一场戏,时而当观众,时而自己也不知不觉成为角色的一部分,那伫立在街头看着对面大楼的路人,对新来的路人而言,不也是个活生生的“托儿”吗?
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