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雪球·财经有深度

雪球·财经有深度

Business:Investing

2259.复盘春秋航空疫情期间弯道超车的亮点与不足

2259.复盘春秋航空疫情期间弯道超车的亮点与不足

2023-09-12
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欢迎收听雪球和喜马拉雅联合出品的财经有深度雪球国内领先的集投资交流交易一体的综合财富管理平台聪明的投资者都在这里。听众朋友们大家好我是主播匪石,今天分享的内容叫复盘春秋航空疫情期间弯道超车的亮点与不足,来自锋谈慧语。


2023年是疫情结束后的第一年,对于航空业来说,停摆了三年开始恢复运营,无论是航权谈判,还是资源保障,今年都注定是一个过渡年。这体现在:


1. 国际航线的恢复进度缓慢,主要是航权谈判;


2. 年初东南亚航线航班恢复慢,后来日本航线航班恢复慢,都是因为当地人力出现短缺,地面保障不足;


3. 春秋航空今年飞机利用率不足,主要就是机长不够用。


在刚刚过去的上半年,各航司的中报也大体体现了这一点:


1. 三大航和海航主要表现是大幅减亏;


2. 吉祥航表现为扭亏为盈;


3. 春秋你别看他盈利接近疫情前,实际上飞机利用率只有疫情前的四分之三。


今天我们来复盘一下春秋疫情期间的亮点与不足。


首先,大家有没有一个疑问:为什么今年上半年飞机利用率这么低,春秋的利润却已经接近疫情前了呢?


我们还是来看一组数据吧:


2019年上半年,春秋的国内航线单位收益是0.353元,到了2023年上半年,国内单位收益是0.388元,同比2019年上升了9.92%;


作为对比,吉祥从0.47上升到0.50,上升了6.38%;国航从0.583上升到0.5873,上升了0.74%;东航从0.533上升到了0.582,上升了9.19%;南航从0.518上升到了0.54,上升了4.25%。


有什么结论呢?这说明春秋的单位收益虽然在同行中是最低的,但是增速却是最快的!这背后是春秋的航网质量在大幅提升。


如果我们再细看另一个数据的话,结论会更吃惊:


2019年上半年春秋的国内可用座位公里是136亿座公里,2023年上半年国内可用座位公里是193亿座公里,同比提升了42%!


这说明国内时刻相比2019年数量上有了大幅提升,结合前面单位收益看,平均质量也是大幅提升,量价齐升,春秋疫情三年弯道超车,收获丰厚。


看完了可用座位公里与单位收益,我们再来看飞机利用率:


2019年上半年飞机利用率是11.19小时,今年上半年飞机利用率是8.11小时,每架飞机少飞了3小时,只有原来利用率的四分之三,未来还有30%的提升空间,这里反映出疫情期间的一个亮点和一个不足:


亮点在于飞机数量的增长,2019年上半年只有飞机86架,今年上半年已经增长到120架,增幅39.53%,由于引进了多架240座的A321 NEO,所以实际座位增速应该还要更高;


不足在于,飞机弯道超车的同时,机长并没有与之匹配,这才造成了现在利用率低的局面。之所以出现机长缺口这么大,背后是公司为疫情长期化在做准备,毕竟机长的薪酬都是百万级别的。


今年春秋的业绩,恢复速度超越市场预期,但同时股价下跌也超越了市场预期,这背后有两个原因被市场所诟病:


最大的诟病是行业定增。本来春秋航空是不用定增的,2021年定增预案刚抛出的时候,很多人就表达过反对意见,但是公司基于底线思维,还是坚持定增。结果定增刚落地,政策就180度大转向,今年利润大增,现金流大回血,公司现金储备充沛,却因为批文因素和机长因素,不能快速引进飞机,事后看,当时的定增是错误的决定,这也造成了今年股价市场的抛压;


第二个被诟病的航空业疫情三年的巨亏,春秋航其实还算好的,毕竟2021年有轻微盈利,但是2020年的亏损现在回头看就有点不应该了。当年春秋本部是盈利的,却因为给日本子公司投资了高达7个亿,造成了当年的总体亏损。站在那个时点,毕竟看好日本子公司的未来,追加投资的行为可以理解,但是出资之后,最后又把日本子公司交给了日航,公司账面价值也直接计提为0了,从账面上看,相当于2020年追加投资的7亿亏光了,打水漂了。


回顾这些亮点与不足,在最关键最难突破的航网和机队上实现了超车,奠定了今后几年大幅盈利的基础;至于机长影响的只是短期的业绩,总归不是无法突破的硬性约束,明年就会大幅缓解,后年肯定就完全翻篇了;定增对股价的打压也是短期因素,虽然价格略低,毕竟还是真金白银交了30亿在账上,也谈不上大亏;日本子公司的投资,虽然账面上已经分文不值了,说不定后面日航经营好了,哪天给我们一个惊喜呢,就当先埋个伏笔吧。


展望未来,随着航权谈判的推进和资源保障的完善,未来国际线还会进一步恢复,飞机利用率也即将迎来大幅提升,春秋航空的盈利潜力巨大,确定性非常高。


没有完美的公司。得,是因为公司保守稳健,失也是因为公司保守稳健,正是因为公司这种保守稳健的风格,才让我们投资人持有的更安心。未来也许不会一帆风顺,但是只要春秋一如既往的保守稳健,相信公司仍将穿越风雨,越来越强大。

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