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雪球·财经有深度

雪球·财经有深度

Business:Investing

2392.雪球结构产品到底是什么?对股市影响如何?

2392.雪球结构产品到底是什么?对股市影响如何?

2024-01-23
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欢迎收听雪球和喜马拉雅联合出品的财经有深度雪球国内领先的集投资交流交易一体的综合财富管理平台,聪明的投资者都在这里。听众朋友们大家好我是主播匪石,今天分享的内容叫做雪球结构产品到底是什么?对股市影响如何?来自郭施亮。

今天跟大家谈谈近期很火的雪球结构产品。值得注意的是,雪球公司给已向数十家用“雪球"命名旗下金融产品的机构递送了律师函,并在多起涉及该类型商标侵权案件中胜诉。我们熟知的雪球,是一个投资者交流交易平台,我也常在上面发文。而后面这个“雪球”命名的产品,是一种金融产品。

雪球结构产品并不是雪球旗下的产品,但从名字上很难区分。抛开这个事件,我们先来看看此类产品——Autocallable“自动赎回型期权产品”,这个名字才是此类产品最正规、专业的名字。坊间流传的“雪球结构产品”充其量是个俗称。雪球结构产品并非来自国内,而是从海外成熟市场引进来的,引进时间大概是2018年前后。前几年股市表现比较平稳,雪球结构产品很少触发下敲的风险。随着A股市场出现非理性下跌的走势,部分雪球结构产品开始触发了下敲的风险。

雪球结构产品本身是一种场外衍生品,它也是一种“障碍期权”,并提供了一种下跌保护机制。一般来说,雪球结构产品会设置一个“敲出价格”,一个“敲入价格”,一旦相应的价格跌破了敲入价格,也就会产生出“敲入”的风险。按照过去的操作经验,大概可以总结出四种情况。

第一种情况,雪球结构产品在到期前没有发生敲入,也没有发生敲出,那么对投资者来说,将会在到期日取得约定的投资收益。一般来说,雪球结构产品约定的收益率比较高,远高于同期市面上的理财品种。

第二种情况,在到期日之前,雪球结构产品提前发生了敲出的风险,那么该雪球结构产品将会提前结束。对投资者来说,因该产品提前触发敲出价格,所以按照敲出的时间计算出相应的投资收益率。

第三种情况,雪球结构产品先发生了敲入的现象,但在到期日之前触发了敲出,那么投资者依然可以获利,并按照敲出的时间计算出相应的投资收益率。

第四种情况,如果该雪球结构产品触发了敲入,却在到期日之前始终未能够实现敲出,那么这个时候,投资者是否发生亏损,取决于两个条件。第一个条件是该雪球结构产品只发生敲入,并未发生过敲出;第二个条件是到期价格低于期初的价格。

当上述两个条件同时发生,那么投资者将会发生亏损。换一种角度分析,如果属于上述的情况,只要到期价格高于期初价格,那么投资者依然可以保障本金安全。由此可见,在上述四种情况中,投资者只有发生一种情况才会发生亏损的可能。假如在投资雪球结构产品的过程中,投资者动用了杠杆,那么当触发“只敲入,未敲出”以及“到期价格低于期初价格”的时候,投资者可能会发生大额亏损,甚至影响到本金安全。

因雪球结构产品约定收益率和投资门槛比较高,所以深受部分机构投资者以及大户投资者的参与。在市场行情处于上涨或者震荡期内,投资雪球结构产品的风险不大,投资者可以获取可观的投资收益率。但是,当市场行情出现单边下跌走势,尤其是非理性的下跌行情时,那么雪球结构产品的投资风险也会被迅速放大。

目前不少雪球结构产品对标的是中证500和中证1000指数,当部分资金触发“敲入”的时候,仍不代表已经确认亏损。关键要看到期价格是否低于期初价格。换言之,一旦资金触发“敲入”,且处于密集到期的状态,同时到期价格低于期初价格,那么这些资金可能会面临一定的亏损风险。不过,针对雪球结构产品的敲入到期风险,也有相应的应对策略。例如,投资者可以申请延长存续时间,增加纠错机会,或者,趁市场处于估值低位附近,重新开一份新的协议,待市场开始触底回升之际,弥补之前敲入到期的亏损。

A股市场在年初出现了加速调整的走势,其实未必是坏事。市场趁机加速挤压泡沫、压缩杠杆,或为新的一年行情回暖做铺垫。不过,市场底是市场自我调节的结果,本身具有一定的不可预测性。对不熟悉的投资品种,普通投资者还是谨慎关注,不了解规则不熟悉运作模式的投资品种,稍有不慎可能会给自己带来不确定的投资风险。



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