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雪球·财经有深度

雪球·财经有深度

Business:Investing

2487.股票市场是有效的还是无效的?

2487.股票市场是有效的还是无效的?

2024-04-27
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欢迎收听雪球和喜马拉雅联合出品的财经有深度雪球国内领先的集投资交流交易一体的综合财富管理平台,聪明的投资者都在这里。听众朋友们大家好我是主播匪石,今天分享的内容叫股票市场是有效的还是无效的?来自散户老沈。

股票市场是有效的还是无效的?

股市当然是无效的。如果股票的价格有效,也就是说股价时时都反映了这只股票所代表的公司的内在价值。那我们就无须费尽心思的分析公司,考量价值,只需要看股价计算回报就可以了。

正因为股价在大部分时候不能真实的反映一家公司的内在价值,我们才需要通过大量的跟踪和研究,对一家公司进行估值,并与当前的股价对比作出投资的决策。也正因为股票市场报价的无效性,我们才能在市场中得到很多有效的、高效的投资机会。

巴菲特说,如果市场有效,我只能沿街乞讨。老巴这句话稍有点绝对,虽然我是他的忠实小粉,还是想注解一下他的这句幽默:股票报价有效的情况下,我们也是可以根据股价计算一下回报率是否合理,是否有投资价值的。

比如长江电力这家公司,我们以长期视觉,把它未来几年的每股盈利定位在1.4-1.5元之间的情况下,则在当前分红率水平下,可以得到约1元每股的年均股息。

水电资产与银行资产的区别。前者具有高度的确定性,加持以优秀的生意模式。而银行的资产是什么?主要是放出的贷款,这些是风险资产。所以我们以前投资四大行时,对股息率的要求是达到7%。为什么我凭空给它定了个7%的股息率要求?原因有二:

1、7.18%的收益率下,复利可达10年回本。这是全球投资实业或有价证券的回报均值,是一个公认的合理回报率。

2、7%的股息率中,我是两个部分相加得到的。一部分是无风险收益,一部分是风险补偿。前者是一个相对固定的值,而后者则是由所投资的公司的质地、风险属性决定的。在10年期国债当前约2.3%的水平下,我对银行股息率追加了两倍的风险补偿要求。

对于长江电力这样的大水电资产,风险性极低而稳健性超高。早上我馆和部分朋友聊天时,一起聊了一通中国地理。我先和大家聊了雅砻江优质的水力资源禀赋,但我并不是要谈川投和国投的水电。雅砻江在四川攀枝花银江镇东汇入金沙江。雅砻江在藏语中称为尼雅曲,意思是多鱼之水。它是金沙江第一大支流。

雅砻江与长江电力有何关系?长江电力的六座大坝有四座梯次分布于金沙江下游(自攀枝花市至宜宾市),分别是乌东德、白鹤滩、溪洛渡和向家坝。长江上游两座电站分别是三峡和葛洲坝。

水电的效益受来水影响较大,每年的5-9月是丰水期,其余月份为平枯期。根据我们上面了解的地理常识看,雅砻江的水全部要经过长江电力的六大电站,如果长电的六库联调得力,来水大大平滑。而在长江三峡之上尚有大渡河、岷江、沱江、嘉陵江、乌江水系汇入长江,影响到三峡和葛洲坝来水。五川汇一水,这是长江电力优于其它水电的一个地理优势。叠加长江电力六坝发电送两广、江浙、上海等发达区域的较高电价。对长期投资者来说,可以无视短期的利润波动。短线投资者无须浪费时间看老沈说的这番废话。

再结合水电优秀的印钞式生意模式,我们对长电的股息率要求就不会和银行这样的风险资产一视同仁,我们要对这样的水电资产给予“优待”。只要在无风险收益之上给我们一定的风险补偿,我们就会欣然接受。如果银行定期存款2%,现在给你4%的股息率,要求你承担的风险极低的情况下,你愿意不愿意?我老沈是愿意的。4%的“长期平均股息率”所针对的股价约25元。所以前些天长电24.6元之下我很开心的买入。

这两年我的投资组合中一直有一家公司中国海油。从上交所一直买到港交所,一路追随。两年时间这家公司既有成长,又有股息。给很多投资者带来了翻倍的丰厚回报。也为我的账户盈利作出了较大的贡献。一直充当着我的投资组合的护法之宝。

在我的投资组合中经常出现另一家公司,就是上面聊到的长江电力。这家公司既无高成长,也无高股息,但是稳如磐石。它在平时不显山,不露水,但一年股价加股息合起来也有两元左右。平均下来也有9%左右的收益回报,我还要什么自行车?

最关键的是它在稳定我的投资组合波动的同时,成为了我的现金等价物。每当市场情绪异常,其它股票出现大跌的良机时,我就可以随时卖出长电换到低估的股权。它是我稳定投资、平衡组合、优化仓位的最佳保护神。



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