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雪球·财经有深度

雪球·财经有深度

Business:Investing

2498.黄金投资,避开市场狂热,方能行稳致远

2498.黄金投资,避开市场狂热,方能行稳致远

2024-05-08
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欢迎收听雪球和喜马拉雅联合出品的财经有深度雪球国内领先的集投资交流交易一体的综合财富管理平台,聪明的投资者都在这里。听众朋友们大家好我是主播匪石,今天分享的内容叫黄金投资,避开市场狂热,方能行稳致远,来自焦易圈。

近期,随着金价不断攀升并屡创新高,黄金市场再次成为全球投资者的焦点。4月30日,世界黄金协会发布的2024年一季度《全球黄金需求趋势报告》显示,一季度全球黄金需求总量同比增长3%至1238吨,是自2016年以来最强劲的一季度需求表现。这一跃升不仅反映了黄金作为避险资产的吸引力,也映射出全球金融市场上的种种动态。

然而,在金光闪闪的背后,历史的教训提醒着我们:当某一类资产持续受到市场热烈追捧,这往往也是风险悄然积聚、逐渐显现的过程。

一、金价屡创新高的背后

上涨往往是最好的上涨理由,但如果只用这句话来解释金价上涨实在有些单薄。不同于传统大宗商品,黄金定价体系通常基于其四大属性:金融属性、货币属性、避险属性以及商品属性,金价的表现往往由四大属性轮番主导。

近年来,黄金定价的四重属性均发生了一些变化,一些传统的宏观关系出现了破裂。特别是自2022年以来,金价与实际利率之间长期以来的负相关关系被打破;而自2018年下半年起,金价与美元指数之间的负相关关系也逐渐弱化。同时,在美元信用减弱以及地缘政治风险重燃的背景下,全球央行开始持续增加黄金储备,这一趋势成为黄金长期定价的新尺度。这种变化不仅体现了黄金作为避险资产的独特价值,也反映了全球经济和金融环境的不确定性。

黄金有四种属性,金融、货币、避险和商品属性。在这四重属性中,避险属性和商品属性的变化或是近年影响黄金价格的主导因素:

从同样具有避险属性的贵金属白银的价格走势来看,黄金价格上涨时,白银价格也出现了较为同步的上行。

近两年各经济体央行加速购入黄金,可能在边际上改变了黄金的需求。2022 年以来,各经济体央行的净买入黄金的规模的确出现了趋势性的中枢抬升,改变了黄金需求的结构。

二、过去黄金的调整周期

当前,黄金较为光辉的一面无疑是投资者关注的焦点,其作为对冲通胀和宏观经济不确定性的工具,以及作为多元化投资组合中的重要组成部分,这些都是它备受青睐的原因。千百年来,黄金始终保持着它的吸引力,也证明了它的价值储存功能。然而,在这光辉的背后,我们不应忽视黄金同样伴随着显著的价格波动风险。

黄金的价格曾经出现过多轮牛熊交替,从1971 年布林顿森林体系瓦解开始,金价已经走完两轮完成的牛熊,当前处于第三次牛市中。通过前两次牛熊交替,可以看到,虽然在高点买入后未来回本甚至继续创新高,但其过程却极为煎熬。在 1980 年高点买入,大概需要 27 年回本,在 2011 年高点买入,大概需要 10 年回本。

黄金价格长期中枢确实在不断抬升,但这个“长期”到底是多长?权益基金自 2021 年 2 月开始调整了 3 年有余,这对很多人来说已经非常煎熬了。每一轮顶底的交替,都是一场场市场情绪的极致体现,也刷新着我们对市场的认知。

而且貌似牛熊交替越来越快了,不知道是不是信息传导越来越便利,人们的一致预期的形成也更快了…….

三、黄金投资需择时,避免在最疯狂的时候追高

黄金因其独特的低相关性特征,在投资组合中扮演了分散风险和降低波动率的关键角色,展现了极强的配置价值。然而,投资黄金却仍需精心选择时机。尤其是在金价处于下行阶段时,黄金对投资组合的贡献可能减弱,甚至可能拖累整体表现。

中金公司通过分析发现,自2004年起,在投资组合中加入25%的黄金,可以将传统的股债6/4组合的夏普比率从0.63提高到0.75。然而,如果将分析的时间范围扩展到自1976年以来的数据时,黄金对于提高股债组合的夏普比率的影响似乎并不显著。这可能与黄金在1980至2000年间的较低收益水平有关。

在投资组合中加入适量黄金可以降低组合波动率,优化组合夏普率和最大回撤,但也需要规避黄金的长周期下行行情。

因此,在投资组合中合理配置黄金,确实有助于降低波动率、优化夏普率和控制最大回撤。但与此同时,投资者也需要警惕黄金市场的长期下行趋势,避免在热情高涨、市场疯狂时盲目追高。毕竟,任何市场的繁荣都不可能永无止境,保持理性、规避风险才是投资成功的关键。



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