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这病说来话长

这病说来话长

Health & Fitness

VOL.119黑灯:脱口秀哪有现实荒谬,疾病致盲,城市设施制障|一期讲懂Stargardt病

VOL.119黑灯:脱口秀哪有现实荒谬,疾病致盲,城市设施制障|一期讲懂Stargardt病

2024-06-24
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黑灯,脱口秀演员,同时大家也都知道他是一位盲人脱口秀演员。“我的视力只有0.02,知道0.02什么概念吗?”这是黑灯在脱口秀节目中的开场白。0.02的视力是因为患有一种叫Stargardt的疾病,中文翻译叫青少年黄斑变性。关于这个疾病,我们这期来聊聊,但是要说的更多的是城市设施给我们和残障人士带来的不便,看到了改进要点赞,遇到了不便我们提出呼吁。

嘉宾介绍合作及微信群

听友群请加微信:cheeseradio

合作事宜请加微信:tuenen87

社交媒体

阿汤小红书视频播客:汤瀚森|阿汤

银心:小Yin老湿

黑灯:黑灯

毛春洁医生:Dr.more

时间轴

01:32 黑灯的播客《黑历史》分享

02:57 在脱口秀巡演间隙做了播客

04:42 确诊的时候也没有什么感受,视力也没问题

06:05 银心发现色盲的问题也是小学毕业开始

06:38 黑灯视力下降过程也经历了过山车

07:16 及时干预会有改善的可能吗?

07:44 心里的打击和病耻感叠加的那几年

08:20 大学选了心理学专业更加找不到工作

08:52 视力表看起来好一些,但是阅读速度变慢了

10:46 人格特质更重要一些,学了心理更多了一层自觉在其中

12:06 黑灯现在不再医疗层面进行干预了,掌握了一整套应对生活的方法

12:19 “为了你以后还能看见现在就别看”

  • 连线毛春洁医生科普环节

14:18 医学上对盲人的定义

15:36 关于「青少年黄斑变性」stargardt刚开始眼科检查不容易检查出来

17:11 黄斑变性的不同类型

17:53 青少年黄斑变性已经有进行基因编辑的临床实验

18:33 黄斑变性的病理机制:视网膜色素上皮细胞无法向视锥细胞、视杆细胞提供营养

19:18 视锥细胞负责分辨颜色和清晰度清楚;视杆细胞是我们分清明暗

20:24 色盲的问题在于视锥细胞

20:59 色觉障碍包括色盲和色弱

21:31 红绿色盲还原出了另外几种颜色,但是也能区分开

22:30 所谓的没有色觉障碍的人看到的颜色也未必一样

22:48 语言的局限性,你永远无法向别人描述你看到的东西

23:13 影像片子是灰度的,不影响工作

23:50 一款色觉障碍的人谁戴谁哭的眼镜

24:09 全色盲的眼镜全红眼镜戴上出门

25:16 视锥细胞受损眼镜对于光线更敏感

25:31 色盲在X染色体上的隐性遗传

25:52 试图向别人解释红绿色盲所看到的样子

26:51 也有后天色盲的可能性吗?

  • 请市政少“制造”一些障碍吧

27:56 关于黑灯和另外两位朋友建立的「青少年黄斑变性关爱中心」公众号专注搜罗全球的最新的相关前沿资讯和进展

29:38 罕见病的药物研发需要市场推动

32:06 盲道对于盲人而言几乎没有用,无法导航没有目的地

33:07 新加坡盲道的使用感受

33:24 市政建筑设计并没有从使用者的角度考虑

35:24 盲人的倍速听觉是练出来的(黑灯手机播放)

37:16 黑灯去盲人按摩的一次尴尬经历

37:58 生存本能为自己再打开一扇窗

39:00 段子听着像真事,但现实更荒谬

41:10 在机场打车我目的是叫一辆车,并不是非要这辆车

44:28 高端写字楼下不让停共享单车,最近的要走十分钟

45:14 高铁站不是按照行人的动线设计,行李箱永远要提上提下

45:46 如果不考驾照,永远不会学科目一

46:17 有的城市没有非机动车道,只能在便道上骑

47:25 市政建设并不只是盲道的问题

47:58 交通秩序靠大家“随手拍”举报出来

50:09 有的已经能看到慢慢在改进的城市设计

51:04 高铁站的显示屏上有很多事垃圾信息

52:33 城市公交车的LED灯并不方便

  • 面对已知

55:48 「青少年黄斑变性关爱中心」公众号让你从面对未知到面对已知,不再焦虑

58:37 「君不见」黑灯个人脱口秀期待你的到来

拓展阅读

Stargardt病(Stargardt disease,STGD)是隐性遗传性的常染色体视网膜病,还有少数是显性遗传性及X染色体隐性遗传性的常染色体视网膜病,其症状于黄斑中央凹和中央凹旁区域开始,特点为双眼对称黄斑进行性萎缩[1]。在1909年,Karl Stargardt首次描述STGD的特征是视网膜下脂褐质样物质沉积和双侧的中心性视力丧失。这种疾病可发生在任何年纪、性别和生物的个体,大约10 000人中就有1人患病,是最常见的遗传性视网膜疾病(inherited retinal diseases,IRD)之一[2]。

1 临床表现1.1 视力

STGD最初的临床症状是视力下降、不能矫正,中心视力逐渐进行性衰退,但周边的视野却始终保持正常状态。多数病人双眼视力对称性降低,并且大部分病人的最终视力在0.1以下[3]。

1.2 眼底表现

疾病早期眼底改变并不明显甚至正常,这种情况在儿童中最为明显,儿童最初可能会被视为功能性视力丧失而接受弱视治疗[4],可出现黄斑色素改变,其范围可能从微弱或不规则的色素斑点到古铜色表现外观,后期还可出现整个眼底广泛萎缩[5]。另一常见表现为黄色斑点(fundus flavimaculatus,FFM),形状不一、大小不等,边界清晰,数目可逐渐增多,区域不断融合,使萎缩区不断扩大,但黄色斑点亦可于病程中自行消退[6]。

2 发病机制

STGD包括不同的表型和基因型形式,其中1型STGD(STGD1)最为常见,这是一种隐性的常染色体遗传病,由突变的ABCA4基因引起,该基因主要编码ATP结合盒蛋白家族成员4[7]。STGD2一词于2005年停止使用并归于STGD3中。ELOVL4(STGD3)或PROM1(STGD4)基因的常染色体显性突变会引起“Stargardt样”疾病(即主要形式的黄斑营养不良表型,可能类似于STGD1,但在临床、遗传和病理生理学上与“真正的”Stargardt病表型不同),它们分别能编码超长链脂肪酸和Prominin-1(PROM1)的延伸[8,9]。

相关文献

[1] Sears A E, Bernstein P S, Cideciyan A V, et al. Towards treatment of stargardt disease:workshop organized and sponsored by the foundation fighting blindness[J]. Translational Vision Science and Technology, 2017, 6(5):6.

[2] Collison F T, Fishman G A. Visual acuity in patients with stargardt disease after age 40[J]. Retina, 2018, 38(12):2387-2394.

[3] Piotter E, McClements M E, Maclaren R E. Therapy approaches for stargardt disease[J]. Biomolecules, 2021, 11(8):1-28.

[4] Huang D, Heath Jeffery R C, Aung-Htut M T, et al. Stargardt disease and progress in therapeutic strategies[J]. Ophthalmic Genetics, 2022, 43(1):1-26.

[5] Batioğlu F,Demirel S,Özmert E. Fundus Autofluorescence Imaging in Age-Related Macular Degeneration[J]. Seminars in Ophthalmology. 2013,30(1):65-73.

[6] Romano F, Lamanna F, Boon C J, et al. Clinical, genotypic and imaging characterization of the spectrum of ABCA4 retinopathies[J]. Ophthalmology Retina, 2023.

[7] Green J S, O’Rielly D D, Pater J A, et al. The genetic architecture of Stargardt macular dystrophy(STGD1):a longitudinal 40-year study in a genetic isolate[J]. European Journal of Human Genetics, 2020, 28(7):925-937.

[8] Thamm K, Graupner S, Werner C, et al. Monoclonal antibodies13A4 and AC133 do not recognize the canine ortholog of mouse and human stem cell antigen prominin-1(CD133)[J]. PLoS ONE, 2016, 11(10):1-25.

[9] 王骜,李强,刘旭阳,罗小玲,邝国平.Stargardt病研究进展[J].湘南学院学报(医学版),2024,26(01):74-78.

*声明

本播客的内容仅代表个人观点,并不代表任何单位、供职机构等的立场,也不构成任何形式的医疗意见或建议等。本内容仅供健康科普使用,不能作为诊断、治疗的依据,请谨慎参考。未经本播客的授权,不得转载或使用播客节目中的任何内容。

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