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雪球·财经有深度

雪球·财经有深度

Business:Investing

2775.通胀到底如何影响美股、美债、黄金?

2775.通胀到底如何影响美股、美债、黄金?

2025-02-13
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欢迎收听雪球出品的财经有深度,雪球,国内领先的集投资交流交易一体的综合财富管理平台,聪明的投资者都在这里。今天分享的内容叫通胀到底如何影响美股、美债、黄金?来自股市马斯克。

2月12日美股盘前美国劳工部公布了衡量通胀的重要指标—— C P I 数据,最终数据大超市场预期和前值。

1月整体 C P I 同比增长1%,超过市场预期的2.9%,连续4个月上升,为2024年6月以来最大增幅;

环比增长0.5%,高于市场预期的0.3%,高于前值的0.4%

核心 C P I 同比增长3.3%,高于市场预期的3.1%,高于前值的3.2%;

环比增长0.4%,高于市场预期的0.3%,高于前值0.2%,为2024年3月以来最大增幅

数据公布后美股、黄金短线下挫,美债收益率直线拉升。

但是美股和黄金表现较为坚挺,纳斯达克综合指数开盘后低开高走,最终收涨0.03%,黄金现货在短线下挫后大幅拉升,重回2900美元上方。可以说这次 C P I 数据对美债收益率影响最大,冲高之后一直维持在高位。而美股和黄金在受到短线压制之后都开始了重新反弹。

目前市场的通胀压力是确确实实存在的,数据公布之后利率市场对美联储今年首次降息的预期已经从9月推迟到12月了,预计今年仅降息一次。所以目前美债收益率已经反映了较为悲观的状态。

如果接下来关税的影响继续传导到通胀数据上,未来美联储降息的预期可能会进一步降低,甚至反转。

昨晚鲍威尔在众议院上的讲话颇为平和,也在一定程度上缓和了市场的担忧。鲍威尔表示,美联储不会为一两次好的数据而兴奋,也不会为一两次坏的数据而激动,不要对 C P I 数据过分解读。相比 C P I 数据,美联储更关注商务部公布的个人消费支出物价指数,称 P C E 是“更好的通胀指标”

关于通胀我认为短期内压力可能还是会比较大,尤其是川普关税政策的影响可能会继续传导到经济数据中。目前美联储还没有对这部分影响做预先应对,鲍威尔表示要等到数据出来之后再做调整,单纯的预测是不负责任的行为。

但是我并不认为通胀会长期持续下去。

首先目前美联储政策利率依然处于限制性水平,会继续对通胀产生影响,鲍威尔也表示未来利率可能会维持更长的时间。

另一方面关税的影响可能是暂时的,关税本身不是目的,川普的最终目标是希望推动制造业回流,降低从而降低成本,并且在原油方面支持大力开采,以降低生产生活资料成本,这部分的影响需要在未来数月中才能得以体现。

第三,通胀问题也是川普重点需要解决的问题,白宫经济委员会主任表示:无论美联储是否参与,我们都将解决美国的通胀问题。预计利率将会下行。

鉴于目前市场对通胀的高预期,未来几个月内这种预期可能会继续升高,当预期达到一定程度后可能会出现没有坏消息就是好消息的情况,所以关于通胀的变化仍需耐心等待。

关于通胀对于资本市场的影响:

首先是美股,通胀在美国表现羸弱的时候影响比较大,但是在经济表现强劲,科技股业绩足以支撑股价上涨的时候对美股的影响就没那么大了。比如2023年正是美联储加息,利率保持高位的一年,但是那一年纳斯达克综合指数涨幅高达43.42%,就是源于科技股业绩的支撑。

所以我一直强调,对于科技股来说,业绩才是主要矛盾,通胀属于次要矛盾。

2月12日盘后美股最火科技股APPLovin公布业绩,Q4业绩和 Q1指引均超市场预期,盘后涨29.04%。纳斯达克100指数成分股思科盘后公布业绩,四季度财报超预期,上调全年营收指引,盘后涨6.59%。

总结一句话,对于美股科技股来说,最重要的就是业绩!

其次是对黄金的影响

通胀升温会影响美联储降息预期,提升美国10年期国债收益率。美国10年期国债收益率是持有黄金的机会成本,如果机会成本越高,对黄金的压力就会越大。

但是影响黄金的逻辑并非美债收益率一条,黄金还有避险属性、货币属性。比如关税风险、地圆冲突会提升黄金的避险价值、美元信任危机会提升黄金的货币价值。这些因素会推动黄金继续上涨,所以对于黄金我依然保持看多观点。

最后是美债

通胀对美国10年期国债收益率的影响是最直接的,因为通胀直接影响美联储降息预期,降息最直接影响的就是美债收益率。但是因为川普的一些言论,美债收益率也多了一些因素的扰动。

因为美债收益率会反映市场对未来降息的预期,所以如果川普说了一些话,做了一些事,提升了对未来降息的预期,也会导致美债收益率下行,比如前段时间美债收益率从4.8持续下行到4.3,川普功不可没。

所以如果川普和美联储对台戏的话,美债收益率未来是走高还是走低,还犹未可知。但是他们的最终目标都是一致的,都是要降低通胀,无非是时间早晚的问题,过程波动的问题。

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