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雪球·财经有深度

雪球·财经有深度

Business:Investing

2786.阿里,这回真成爸爸了

2786.阿里,这回真成爸爸了

2025-02-25
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欢迎收听雪球出品的财经有深度,雪球,国内领先的集投资交流交易一体的综合财富管理平台,聪明的投资者都在这里。今天分享的内容叫阿里,这回真成爸爸了,来自表舅是养基大户。

上周五恒生指数涨4个点,恒生科技涨超6.5%,年内涨幅超过30%,成为全球主要指数里,唯一涨幅超30%的,且属于是断档领先了。

暴涨,当然还是得归根于阿里昨晚的财报,不过这里补充一点,昨天有人看到阿里披露的是三季报,觉得阿里如此牛逼,在三季度,国产AI还比较混沌,股市也处在最低迷的时候,就这么大手笔的大撒币,实在是很勇,很有预见性,但这里有个小偏差——阿里在美股上市,美股的上市公司,可以采用自然年度,也就是1月1日-12月31日作为会计年度,也可以用别的,比如阿里的会计年度是4月1日开始,到来年的3月31日,所以阿里披露的三季报,实际发生的时间周期,就是10月1日到12月31日。

也就是说,依然是9月底的政策转向和A股暴涨后,阿里才加速扩张资本开支的,从这点来看,阿里的各项嗅觉都是敏锐的。

说回阿里的财报,其不仅自身的各项经营数据超预期,关键是在云业务上的资本开支大幅扩张,不仅单季度超过300亿,环比增长80%,且明确表示未来三年对云和AI基础设施的投入,将超过过去十年的总和,随后的财报电话会上,投行一共提了6个问题,其中5个是和AI相关的,根本没人问电商的事了。所以可见,资本市场对这块盯得非常的死,股价的表现,取决于AI这根第二曲线,而阿里在电话会的表态上,也堪称激进,除了上述的资本开支外,主要提到两点:

1、认为AI是几十年一遇的战略级机遇,80%的人类劳动会被AI替代,所以,这是阿里把重心倾注在AI上的本质原因;

2、认为95%的大模型Tokens会在云上传输,本地只占5%,这是为何要在云业务上大举扩张资本开支的原因。

因此,结合财报和阿里的激进表态,A股这边,算力硬件彻底疯狂了,下图,是昨天的热点图,除了开盘延续昨天热度的机器人外,开盘涨的都是算力硬件相关的,服务器、光模块、数据中心、AI芯片,包括三大运营商里,电信和联通涨停,也是作为算力服务商的逻辑。

另外,往大了说一点,阿里这回的资本扩张,其实是一个非常明确的信号——互联网大厂,要开始“加杠杆”了。

这是数据可以看出来的,我们现在都知道什么是企业的“自由现金流”了,而从这回的季报来看,阿里的自由现金流,同比大降31%,换句话说,阿里这么大的投入,本身是大出血,承担着风险的,对自身的现金流,有非常大的消耗和影响。

企业的开支可以分为两块,一是资本开支,Capital Expenditure,简称就是卖方喜欢用的Capex这个词,另一个是运营开支,Operating Expenditure,Opex。

两者对企业的经营压力是完全不同的,比如阿里在淘宝搞一个发红包的活动,这就叫Opex,这些运营开支,是慢慢用出去的,而且,发red包就有对应的销量,就有营业收入,短期就能看到现金回流。

但Capex完全不同,阿里说的支出,就是Capex,是用来搭建数据中心等的投入,短期可能是看不到回报的,完全是长周期的投资,需要企业下更大的决心。

之前我们整体经济最大的问题,其实就在于,社会各个主体,没有敢加杠杆、没有花钱的人,企业存款和政府存款都在下滑,大家手里都没钱,看了一圈,还是互联网大厂,现金储备最充沛,而这些大厂,也正好看到了可以卡身位的黄金赛道,所以也愿意花钱出去,这是这份阿里财报,给我们最大的信心。

再联系周一的民营企业座谈会,很多事情就串起来了。

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