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雪球·财经有深度

雪球·财经有深度

Business:Investing

2790.为什么15倍PE这么重要

2790.为什么15倍PE这么重要

2025-03-01
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欢迎收听雪球出品的财经有深度,雪球,国内领先的集投资交流交易一体的综合财富管理平台,聪明的投资者都在这里。今天分享的内容叫为什么15倍PE这么重要,来自长线是金11。

西班牙著名投资人帕拉梅斯在《长期投资》一书中,提出了一个非常简单的估值策略。

大概意思是说,现金流折现法仅仅只停留于理论之上,对于实战中的估值分析其实没有太大帮助,能准确预测的几率非常低,没有必要花太多时间去计算。如果跳出这个思维框架,会发现过去200年企业只有6.7%的平均盈利收益率,可以视为一个重要参考值,若达到这个标准,对于大多数公司而言,股价应该属于合理的。

这个6.7%,也就是大名鼎鼎的15倍PE。(15/1=0.067)

帕拉梅斯认为,在使用PE值估值之前,首先要确认企业的常态化盈利水平,而不是简单采纳当期的净利润,因为当期净利润可能会受到一些偶然性因素的扭曲,并不一定是企业真实盈利能力的体现。

这一点,我们在实战中应该深有体会,比方说疫情爆发的时候,很多餐饮、商场都得关门歇业,显然就并不能代表正常状态下的盈利能力,如果你非要采纳这样背景下的盈利数据作为PE的分母,自然也就得不到一个相对正确的答案。

当然,如何确认企业的常态化盈利水平,必须具体问题来具体分析,又是另一个需要深入阐述的话题,这里暂时就不再作过多的赘述。

在确认企业常态化盈利水平以后,帕拉梅斯又给估值划分了三道门槛:

1、格雷厄姆认为一个0增长的永续行业,可以享受8.5倍PE可作为第一道门槛。

凡是认为遭遇瓶颈,停滞不前,已无增长空间的企业,你可以按照8.5倍PE及以下价格为其出价。

2、对于那些进入壁垒有限、能力平庸的公司而言,给出的报价应在10-15倍PE之间。

3、而对于少数护城河坚固且极为优秀的公司,可以适当将出价提升至15-20倍PE。

帕拉梅斯说,一旦完成估值之后,我们应该投资于股价相对于目标估值具有最大折扣的公司,而目标估值是根据倍数进行计算出来的。

此外,其他定性因素也将影响投资决策,其中最重要的因素是公司质量,与此密切相关的则是我们对估值的信心。质量和信心将帮助我们决定投资组合中每只股票的适当权重。

无独有偶,不光帕拉梅斯这么说,股神巴菲特的大多数投资决策实际上也在执行15倍PE策略。

例如,5PE中国石油,15PE比亚迪,10.9PE买入华盛顿邮报,12PE喜诗糖果,13PE可口可乐、14PE大都会、14PE苹果、7PE康菲石油,8PE西方石油,5PE富国银行,8PE房地美。基本都是有迹可循的。

与之相反,国人总是喜欢以几十倍乃至上百倍PE价格追逐某某热门股票,其行为与大师们实乃天壤之别,所以亏钱、不赚钱往往也就尽在情理之中。

当然,关于这种追高行为,很多人习惯性用一句好公司没有好价格来为自己进行辩解。然而,事实上2022、2024年,腾讯和阿里都曾分别跌入到10倍PE左右,当下的白酒们也跌出了15倍PE左右的安全价格。

显然,只要你有足够的耐心,总是会遇到好公司出现好价格的时刻。

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