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岑参(约公元715年到公元770年),唐代边塞诗人,。唐玄宗天宝三年(公元744年)的进士,最初为率府兵曹参军。后两次从军边塞,先在安西节度使高仙芝幕府掌书记;天宝末年,封常清为安西北庭节度使时,为其幕府判官。代宗时,曾官居嘉州刺史(今四川乐山),世称"岑嘉州"。
岑参擅长写诗,其中最擅长七言歌行,代表作是《白雪歌送武判官归京》。现存诗三百六十首。对边塞风光,军旅生活,以及少数民族的文化风俗有亲切的感受,所以他的边塞诗尤多佳作。风格与高适相近,后人多并称"高岑"。有《岑参集》十卷,已佚。今有《岑嘉州集》七卷行世。《全唐诗》编诗四卷。
当时西北边疆一带,战事频繁,岑参怀着到塞外建功立业的志向,两度出塞,久佐戎幕,前后在边疆军队中生活了六年,因而对鞍马风尘的征战生活的冰天雪地的塞外风光有长期的观察与体会。在大唐帝国的伟大力量面前任何敌人都不能成为真正的对手,所以他并不需要写士兵们的出色奋斗和艰苦牺牲,他要写的是横在战士们面前的另一种伟大的力量,那就是严酷的自然。恶劣气候环境成了衬托英雄气概的壮观景色,是一种值得欣赏的奇伟美景。如果没有积极进取精神和克服困难的勇气,是很难产生这种感觉的,只有盛唐诗人,才能有此开朗胸襟和此种艺术感受。岑参以好奇的热情和瑰丽的色彩表现了塞外的风景。在立功边塞的慷慨豪情的支配下,将西北荒漠的奇异风光与风物人情,用慷慨豪迈的语调和奇特的艺术手法,生动地表现出来,别具一种奇伟壮丽之美。突破了以往征戍诗写边地苦寒和士卒劳苦的传统格局,极大地丰富拓宽了边塞诗的描写题材和内容范围。雄奇瑰丽的浪漫色彩,成为他边塞诗词的主要风格。他在充满激情地歌颂边防将士的战斗精神的同时,也委婉地揭示了战争的残酷和悲惨。其中《走马川行奉送封大夫出师西征》、《轮台歌奉送封大夫出师西征》与《白雪歌送武判官归京》是岑参三足鼎立的杰作。
岑参还有不少描绘西北边塞奇异景色的诗篇。像《火山云歌送别》以及《热海行送崔侍御还京》更充满奇情异采。
天宝后期,唐帝国内政已极腐败,但在安西边塞,兵力依然相当强大。岑参天宝十三年写的《北庭西郊候封大夫受降回军献上》一诗就曾经描写了当时唐军的声威:"胡地苜蓿美,轮台征马肥。大夫讨匈奴,前月西出师。甲兵未得战,降虏来如归。橐驼何连连,穹帐亦累累。阴山烽火灭,剑水羽书稀。"这种局面一直保持到安史之乱发生。岑参的边塞诗就是在这个形势下产生的。因而成为边塞诗派的代表。
岑参的诗题材很广泛,除一般感叹身世、赠答朋友的诗外,他出塞以前曾写了不少山水诗。诗风颇似谢兆、何逊,但有意境新奇的特色。如"山风吹空林,飒飒如有人"《暮秋山行》,"长风吹白茅,野火烧枯桑"《至大梁却寄匡城主人》等诗句,都是诗意造奇的例子。
岑参晚年诗歌感时伤乱,渐趋消沉。入蜀后,山水诗中添奇壮特色,但隐逸思想在诗中也有了发展。
岑参的诗歌,以慷慨报国的英雄气概和不畏艰苦的乐观精神为其基本特征,这和高适是一致的。所不同的是他更多地描写边塞生活的丰富多彩,而缺乏高适诗中那种对士卒的同情。
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