ELI5 Tulip Mania - the first speculative bubble and its lessons

Explain the "Tulip Mania" craze in the 1600s in Netherlands and why it was important? Why did people get into trouble with futures and options contracts? How much did a tulip cost at the height of the bubble (in multiples of a person's annual salary)?

 

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Thank you to the r/explainlikeimfive community as always and in particular the following users whose questions and comments formed the basis of this discussion: packersfan8512, diablevert13, ledradiofloyd, omegastar19 & blueskies12

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulip_mania

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