In today's episode we discuss:
—Climate: Operations officers from several international biomedical manufacturing companies discuss the ability of manufacturers to reduce distribution of counterfeit vaccines in light of counterfeit SARS-CoV-2 vaccines being found in Russia and Ecuador in 2020. Authors recommend using various tracking methods such as a GS1 2D DataMatrix barcode, QR code and matrix code, or Automatic Identification and Data Capture (AIDC) flow to scan and identify vaccines, trace them from the factory to delivery, and upload that data into an easily accessible system. They suggest such a tracing system is necessary to ensure the delivery of safe and authentic vaccines from factories to the public.
—Epidemiology: A team from Johns Hopkins University and Brown University conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 77 studies (38906 hospitalized patients) and found the overall prevalence of death from COVID-19 among hospitalized patients was 23% (19–27%) in the US and Europe versus 11% (7–16%) in China. Risk factors for death included age 60 or older (sRR = 3.6; 95% CI: 3.0–4.4; I^2 77%), male gender (sRR=1.3; 1.2–1.4; I^2 18%), smoking history (sRR=1.3; 1.1–1.6; I^2 68%), COPD (sRR=1.7; 1.4–2.0; I^2 66%), diabetes (sRR=1.5; 1.4–1.7; I^2 58%), heart disease (sRR=2.1; 1.8– 2.4; I^2 69%), CKD (sRR =2.5; 2.1–3.0; I^2 72%). They observed similar risk factors for severe disease (respiratory rate>30, oxygen saturation
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