Footnote #22 - Boiling

The second Fantasy/Animation footnote of the year sees Chris and Alex discuss boiling, an often-unintentional aesthetic effect involving the visibility of undulating animated lines that surfaces due to slight deviations within repeating drawn images. To unpack the pleasures of animated variation, they examine the modulations and discontinuities caused by images as they are ‘crafted’ imperfectly by hand; comparisons with the illusion of life generated by the industrial and standardised cel-animation process, and the staccato movements of stop-motion effects; and how in its many traces of artistry the animated images that ‘boil’ manifest the labour of difference and repetition, movement and stillness.

**Fantasy/Animation theme tune composed by Francisca Araujo**