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这病说来话长

这病说来话长

Health & Fitness

VOL.62皮肤科|到底哪些情况最易脱发、白发、伤发?帮你避坑这些智商税

VOL.62皮肤科|到底哪些情况最易脱发、白发、伤发?帮你避坑这些智商税

2023-07-26
Download Right click and do "save link as"

前两期和大家聊了关于防晒和护肤的话题,这一期终于到了大家特别期待的护发问题,不管是脱发还是白发,还是涉及到的一些护发项目,哪些有用,哪些是坑?这一期依然请到北京朝阳医院皮肤科黄新绿医生,和大家聊聊常见的这些方法管用吗?帮你避坑这些智商税……

关联往期

嘉宾介绍社交媒体

阿汤小红书ID:汤瀚森

加入听友群:cheeseradio

时间轴

03:08 脱发究竟挂哪个科的号?

03:25 什么是脱发?到了什么程度得去挂号了呢?

04:24 脱发有哪些类型的脱发?

06:33 脱发可逆吗?

07:39 有哪些治疗手段?

08:33 在很多的写字楼电梯间会看到五花八门的防脱发、治脱发的产品?还号称很迅速,立竿见影,靠谱么?怎么去分辨?

09:53 经常用梳子梳头发真的可以生发吗?

10:42 每天洗头真的会对头皮、发质有影响么?

11:48 “愁一愁白了头”看似很有道理,这个到底是因为愁才导致的么?

12:32 “白头发越拔越长”是真的么?

14:01 美发店的头皮管理,对于头皮、毛囊的检测靠谱么?

16:02 如何做好日常的头发养护?

  • 听友留言提问环节

17:49 如果做不到早睡早起,有没有别的方式可以护住,或者延缓发际线上移;长时间的户外强有氧运动(骑车、爬山、跑步等)如果延缓皮肤衰老?

19:14 发际线后退和梳头有没有关系?

19:48 少年白除了染发有没有其他改善的方式,能够保持的时间更久?

21:05 男生短发无烫染,经常剪头发,但头发还是细软,有改善的方法吗?

21:41 白头发多经常染发对头皮会有损伤吗,有没有建议的染发频率?

23:41 洗发水对于防止脱发,导致脱发的真实影响力会有多大?

24:54 雄激素性脱发有哪些治疗办法?医院一般使用米诺地尔(外用)和非那雄胺(口服),是不是得长期使用?是不是只能减缓脱发的速度,但无法彻底解决脱发问题?长期使用对于男性有什么影响?据说使用非那雄胺一段时间之后,若停药,脱发会更加严重,是这样么?

*上图来自《奈特人体解剖学彩色图谱》第7版

拓展阅读

雄激素性脱发又称脂溢性脱发、男性型脱发,2019年,中国医师协会美容与整形医师分会毛发整形美容专业委员会《中国人雄激素性脱发诊疗指南》统一命名为“雄激素性脱发”(androgenic alopecia,AGA)[1]。多数AGA患者出现缓慢的进行性头发密度降低是从青春期开始,并伴有头发直径进行性变细以及头皮油腻。有文献报道[2],在全球范围内,高加索人AGA患病率是最高的,而我国AGA患病率略低,男性患病率为21.3%,女性患病率为6.0%。AGA的发病机制比较复杂,由多种因素共同作用所致,包括多基因遗传因素、雄激素代谢因素、毛囊周围环境炎症、精神因素、生活和饮食因素、环境因素以及年龄等多个方面。多基因遗传是造成了AGA患者个体发病情况不同的主要因素,但是AGA发病的最终结果是毛囊微型化,主要是因为雄激素代谢因素和/或毛囊周围环境炎症导致[3]。AGA的病理特征性改变主要为毛囊微型化和毛囊周期改变,退行期、休止期毛囊增多,生长期毛囊减少,毛干粗细不均、毳毛的数目增加[4]。男性AGA主要表现为前发际线后移或顶部进行性脱发,最终发展为头皮明显外露,并伴有头皮油腻。女性AGA临床表现主要为头顶弥漫性稀疏,保留前额发际线。

AGA虽然对患者身体健康无明显影响,但直接影响患者的外观,对患者的个人形象、心理健康、工作学习及社会认同感有着极大的影响。

1 系统性药物治疗

1.1 非那雄胺

1.2度他雄胺

1.3 螺内酯

1.4 丹参酮胶囊

2 局部涂擦治疗

2.1 米诺地尔

2.2 盐酸西替利嗪

3 局部注射治疗

3.1 富血小板血浆

3 局部注射治疗

3.1 富血小板血浆

4 激光治疗

4.1 低能量激光

4.2 点阵激光

5 毛发移植

6 中医药治疗及植物提取物应用

7 给药途径进展

7.1 微针导入

7.2 毫火针

AGA病程缓慢,发病机制涉及多方面,除雄激素途径外,还有许多非雄激素介导的机制也参与了AGA的发生、发展,为治疗提供更多的思考和方法。口服非那雄胺和米诺地尔局部用药是世界各国广泛用于AGA治疗的主要手段。本文对药系统治疗、局部治疗、激光治疗、毛发移植以及给药途径的新进展进行了综述,同时发现,多重联合治疗疗效优于单一治疗,减少不良反应。对于担心系统性药物治疗存在较大不良反应的患者,可以优选外用药物联合激光或微针、毫火针来促进药物渗透,以及联合富血小板注射、A型肉毒素注射等方式,进行多重联合治疗。但部份治疗方法目前研究尚少,需要进一步的确定安全疗效,有望成为新的一线治疗方案[5]。

参考文献

[1] 胡志奇,苗勇.中国人雄激素性脱发诊疗指南[J].中国美容整形外科杂志,2019,30(1):8-12.

[2] Wang TL,Zhou C,Shen YW,et al.Prevalence of androgenetic alopecia in China:a community-based study in six cities[J].Br J Dermatol,2010,162(4):843-847.

[3] 汤顺红,牛春燕.雄激素性秃发的发病机制[J].中华皮肤科杂志,2019,52(3):208-210.

[4] 章星琪,邹先彪,刘洁.毛发疾病皮肤镜诊断专家共识[J].中国麻风皮肤病杂志,2016,32(3):129-132.

[5] 高淑萍,李刚.雄激素性脱发的治疗进展[J].皮肤病与性病,2022,44(01):32-36.

*本内容仅供健康科普使用,不能作为诊断、治疗的依据,请谨慎参考。如有身体不适,请及时线下就医。

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