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雪球·财经有深度

雪球·财经有深度

Business:Investing

2486.消费降级里的大赛道

2486.消费降级里的大赛道

2024-04-26
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欢迎收听雪球和喜马拉雅联合出品的财经有深度雪球国内领先的集投资交流交易一体的综合财富管理平台,聪明的投资者都在这里。听众朋友们大家好我是主播匪石,今天分享的内容叫消费降级里的大赛道,来自中国慢慢来。

最近看了一篇文章,大意是说2020年顶流的基金经理张坤,掉进了消费升级的陷阱里。这几年在泡泡马特,啤酒,李宁,爱尔眼科,美年健康这些股票里挨个试仓,都挺失败的,最后转了一圈含白量更高了。

说实话,这几年张坤不顺,我自己也不顺,总感觉哪出了问题。在2020年我大举买入股票的时候,当时的设想是房价已经高了,不可以再碰。既然消费升级的时代,

我们需要更多更好的娱乐。我们需要更好的创新药。我们需要更好的品牌消费。更多的旅游消费。

事实证明这个策略,跟张坤一样在陷阱里苦苦挣扎。我们正在从第三期的泡沫破裂期,往第四期的收缩倾向转变。第四期的主流是【无品牌倾向】【朴素倾向】【休闲倾向】【本土倾向】。

穿衣服,优衣库和无印良品就够用了。吃饭,吉野家食其家萨莉亚就够用了。家具,nitori这种就够用了不讲排场。

杂物,百元店正好。这些都是日本这二十多年崛起的品牌。喝咖啡,瑞幸咖啡价廉物美就行,不要什么第三空间了。坐飞机,主打一个准时到目的地,春秋航空虽然行李托运便宜,胜在一个票价。杂物,拼多多就够了。药品,集采告诉你差不多就行了。这些都是第四期正在发生的事。

这些东西有个共同的特点,就是够用就行,不要牌面。有个玩笑说,你以为的消费降级是30块的牛肉面变成了25块,其实是25块的牛肉面不做了,改成10几块的素交面和焖肉面。吃的人管饱就行,不贪口福。 这个狂吃素交面的逻辑,日本人在优衣库,无印良品,百元店,萨莉亚上已经展示了。

按照这个逻辑区分,我把消费股分成几大块。

1. 消费升级。一般是定价偏高,服务优质,研发费用大。主打的是一个享受,好用。其实人自然的思路就是这样升级。这类股票非常多,比如卖豪车的,京东,顺丰,免税店等等,他们不是未来的主角。

2. 稳定发展。主打的是刚需。在未来消费金额和量基本稳定的前提下,产品升下级他们能赶上通胀,大概率就是个分红价值股。下限说不定还会给卷了。比如伊利股份,青岛啤酒,白酒,农夫山泉算这类。

3 . 消费降级。主打一个好用便宜不要牌面。这类企业的问题是,没啥品牌美誉度,没有巴菲特喜欢的那种品牌溢价带来的护城河,总感觉跟个危城一样随时对手会冲进来。这个名单里有瑞幸咖啡,春秋航空,拼多多,仿制药。可能小米也算,雷军这点非常敏感的把握住了时代脉搏。

4 . 真正能逆风飞翔的真升级。这种东西非常稀缺,在日本能找到的例子是日本迪斯尼,在躺平社会里迪斯尼的票价一路走高,消费节节开花,真的就有很多40以上的女士(已经是日本迪斯尼的主力客户)愿意花钱买票捧场。这种硬核股票的最大问题是你可能会误判,误把手里的消费升级系列当成了逆风飞翔的个股,结果别人不买账。从股价看,现在我们这比较有可能像这型的是【泡泡马特】。

从结论说,第一点是要回避的,虽然很多东西很高级很舒服。第二点是上下限都比较固定的价值股。第三类是成长股,但是会有不断的挑战,这里我觉得可以过滤掉餐饮行业,餐饮的消费升级和降级很难区分,并且提供廉价餐饮的竞争者源源不断。最后第四类是好东西,但是发现难度大。

这就是我的一点想法,不一定对。如果对我们现在社会的阶段理解错误,盲目把美国的那一套消费升级死板的拿到这来,总归像历史验证过那样水土不服。

最近买了一些春秋航空,符合选股的【大市场,小份额,长优势】的特点,虽然口碑不咋地,但是经营效率远胜三大航,在国内市场占比也不算高。并且有注意到巴菲特也曾经买入美国最大的廉价航空西南航空。



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