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以太坊面临的核心问题是随着用户增多,网络变得越来越慢且费用越高。这种用户体验的恶化已经引来了币安智能链、索拉纳和波卡等竞争者的挑战。以太坊未来的主导地位取决于其提高吞吐量和降低费用的能力。
主要扩容解决方案:
第1层解决方案(链上扩容)
ETH 1.x到ETH 2.0:从工作量证明(PoW)转向权益证明(PoS),帮助更快处理交易
分片(Sharding):将网络分成多条平行链,每个分片有独立状态和交易历史
信标链(Beacon Chain):协调PoS和分片,管理验证者注册和区块生产
第2层解决方案(链下扩容)
状态通道(State Channel):允许参与者在链下进行多次交易,只在开通和关闭通道时向主网提交交易
子链(Plasma):以太坊区块链的副本,处理数千笔交易后捆绑提交到主链
侧链(Side Chain):独立区块链与以太坊并行运行,通过双向桥梁连接
卷叠(Rollups):
- 乐观卷叠(Optimistic Rollups):默认假设交易有效,只在质疑时验证
- 零知识卷叠(ZK Rollups):在链下运行计算,提交加密有效性证明到主网
对这部分感兴趣的听众可以听一下我们之前的Ep.24 以太坊二层网络(Layer 2)和代币
Validium:使用有效性证明但数据不存储在主链
重要改进和发展
EIP-1559:改革费用市场,使交易费用更可预测
ETH2发展路线:信标链(2020.12)→巴黎升级(2022.9)→上海升级(2023.4)→坎昆升级(2024.3)
混合解决方案:多种技术的组合使用,如Polygon结合侧链和第2层聚合
关键词:区块链、以太坊、二层链、一层链、链上、链下、Rollup、扩容、零知识证明、ZK
05:24 以太坊的现状与挑战
10:02 扩容解决方案概述(链上扩容和链下扩容)
11:25 以太坊的演变路线图
16:13 EIP-1559与费用市场改革
20:08 第1层扩容解决方案:ETH 1.x到ETH 2.0
26:38 第2层扩容解决方案(状态通道、子链、侧链、卷叠、Validium)
49:59 第2层扩容解决方案的弱点
Hashkey Twitter: @HashKeyHSK
主播:
Vivienne (Twitter: @Vivienne_smile)
Zhiyang (Twitter @zhiyangxyz)
Twitter:@0x_cryptoria
微信公众号:Cryptoria加密投研
免责声明: 所有观点纯属主播个人意见仅供分享,不构成任何投资建议。加密货币投资风险巨大,在做出任何投资决定前,请先做好充分调查并咨询相关专业人士。
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