The Nucleosome is the basic building unit of chromatin. It consists out of 147 base pairs of double stranded DNA wrapped around the Histone core octamer that consists out of 2 copies of each dimer of H2A/H2B, and H3/H4. Nucleosomes are organized like "beads on a string" to form a modifiable regulatory basis for higher order structures of chromatin. The first images of the nucleosome as a particle was published by our guests Ada and Don Olins from the University of New England in 1974 (Olins, A. L. & Olins, D. E. Spheroid Chromatin Units (ν Bodies). Science 183, 330–332 (1974).). This observation lead the way to numerous discoveries around chromatin which ultimately culminated in the discovery of the 2.8 Angstrom high-resolution crystal structure 20 years ago in the year 1997 (Luger, K., Mäder, A. W., Richmond, R. K., Sargent, D. F. & Richmond, T. J. Crystal structure of the nucleosome core particle at 2.8 Å resolution. Nature 389, 251–260 (1997).)
References for this episodeChromatin Profiling: From ChIP to CUT&RUN, CUT&Tag and CUTAC (Steven Henikoff)
Effects of DNA Methylation on Diabetes (Charlotte Ling)
Nutriepigenetics: The Effects of Diet on Behavior (Monica Dus)
Investigating the Dynamics of Epigenetic Plasticity in Cancer with Single Cell Technologies (Céline Vallot)
Epigenetic Regulation of Stem Cell Self-Renewal and Differentiation (Margaret “Peggy” Goodell)
Genome-Wide Investigation of Epigenetic Marks and Nucleosome Positioning (Keji Zhao)
The Role of lncRNAs in Tumor Growth and Treatment (Sarah Diermeier)
Unraveling Mechanisms of Chromosome Formation (Job Dekker)
Transcription and Polycomb in Inheritance and Disease (Danny Reinberg)
The Epigenetics of COVID-19
Epigenetic Reprogramming During Mammalian Development (Wolf Reik)
In vivo Nucleosome Structure and Dynamics (Srinivas Ramachandran)
Pioneer Transcription Factors and Their Influence on Chromatin Structure (Ken Zaret)
The Role of Small RNAs in Transgenerational Inheritance in C. elegans (Oded Rechavi)
Development of Site-Specific ChIP Technologies (Hodaka Fujii)
Regulation of Chromatin Organization by Histone Chaperones (Geneviève Almouzni)
How the "Fragile Nucleosome" Science Community Came to Life (Christine Cucinotta, Melvin Noe Gonzalez)
Epigenetic Influence on Memory Formation and Inheritance (Isabelle Mansuy)
Influence of Dynamic RNA Methylation on Gene Expression (Chuan He)
How to Publish in Nature: Lessons from the ENCODE Consortium (Michelle Trenkmann, Senior Editor at Nature)
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