The Nucleosome is the basic building unit of chromatin. It consists out of 147 base pairs of double stranded DNA wrapped around the Histone core octamer that consists out of 2 copies of each dimer of H2A/H2B, and H3/H4. Nucleosomes are organized like "beads on a string" to form a modifiable regulatory basis for higher order structures of chromatin. The first images of the nucleosome as a particle was published by our guests Ada and Don Olins from the University of New England in 1974 (Olins, A. L. & Olins, D. E. Spheroid Chromatin Units (ν Bodies). Science 183, 330–332 (1974).). This observation lead the way to numerous discoveries around chromatin which ultimately culminated in the discovery of the 2.8 Angstrom high-resolution crystal structure 20 years ago in the year 1997 (Luger, K., Mäder, A. W., Richmond, R. K., Sargent, D. F. & Richmond, T. J. Crystal structure of the nucleosome core particle at 2.8 Å resolution. Nature 389, 251–260 (1997).)
References for this episodeThe Role of Non-Histone Proteins in Chromosome Structure and Function During Mitosis (Bill Earnshaw)
Effects of DNA Methylation on Chromatin Structure and Transcription (Dirk Schübeler)
CpG Islands, DNA Methylation, and Disease (Adrian Bird)
Biophysical Modeling of 3-D Genome Organization (Leonid Mirny)
From Nucleosome Structure to Function (Karolin Luger)
Identification of Functional Elements in the Genome (Bing Ren)
Hi-C and Three-Dimensional Genome Sequencing (Erez Lieberman Aiden)
Chromatin Structure and Dynamics at Ribosomal RNA Genes (Tom Moss)
Epigenetic Origins Of Heterogeneity And Disease (Andrew Pospisilik)
PIXUL: On the Leading Edge of Chromatin Shearing (Karol Bomsztyk and Tom Matula)
Influence of Histone Variants on Chromatin Structure and Metabolism (Markus Buschbeck)
Epigenetic Mechanisms of Aging and Longevity (Shelley Berger)
Epigenetics & Glioblastoma: New Approaches to Treat Brain Cancer (Lucy Stead)
The Past, Present, and Future of Epigenetics (Joe Fernandez, founder of Active Motif)
The Interchromatin Network Model (Ana Pombo)
Dosage Compensation in Drosophila (Asifa Akhtar)
Spatial Organization of the Human Genome (Wendy Bickmore)
Heterochromatin and Phase Separation (Gary Karpen)
Diabetes and Epigenetics (Jean-Sébastien Annicotte)
Epigenetics and X-inactivation (Edith Heard)
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