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雪球·财经有深度

雪球·财经有深度

Business:Investing

2205.A股7大航司2季度大幅扭亏,这次的航空繁荣一样吗?

2205.A股7大航司2季度大幅扭亏,这次的航空繁荣一样吗?

2023-07-20
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欢迎收听雪球和喜马拉雅联合出品的财经有深度,雪球,国内领先的集投资交流交易一体的综合财富管理平台,聪明的投资者都在这里。听众朋友们大家好,我是主播匪石-34,今天分享的内容叫A股7大航司2季度大幅扭亏,这次的航空繁荣一样吗?来自田瑀研究笔记。

7月14日晚间,7家A股航司集体预告了上半年业绩,各航司期内业绩表现均优于去年同期。其中,两家民营航司扭亏为盈,率先实现盈利。

整体来看,7家A股上市航司今年上半年预计合计净亏损123亿元至164亿元,这一表现已同比大幅减亏。毕竟,去年上半年,上述7家航司合计净亏损约666亿元,以此测算,其今年上半年合计减亏预计超过500亿元,如若考虑到非经营性的汇损损益,7家航司中的5家2季度大概率盈利了。

目前的暑运可能是国内航空历史上最旺的暑运,若让我大胆猜测,今年即使在国际客流并未完全恢复的情况下,可能会有航司交出非常亮眼的成绩单,这在三个月前还是大家无法想象的情况。

然而很多投资者仍有一些担忧,作为强周期的航空业,盈利的新高往往意味着拐头向下,这在很多行业中上演过多次,以至于很多投资者都形成了肌肉记忆,大师的观点、前辈的经验也都让大家乐观不起来。今天就此来聊聊如何处理投资中的一些看似可靠的铁律。

这条铁律对于很多行业都十分适用,但我们还是要回到铁律的源头——供需关系形成的基本规律。之所以很多行业的盈利能力在创新高之后会面临着拐头向下的压力,本质上是由于竞争,超过社会平均资本回报的诱惑使得行业内以及行业外的资本充分涌入,改变行业的供需关系,因此你会发现真正使得盈利能力产生周期性波动的根本原因在于供给端也就是产能的超幅调整,过度扩张或者过度收缩。

对于未来的航空业,高盈利能力的压力也应同样的来自于供给端的过度扩张,以至于重新进入供大于求的阶段。所以研究的重点就应该在航空业的产能扩张之上。要研究产能扩张,就要首先明白什么是“产能”的内涵。这个概念也是那种一听就明白,仔细一想不太懂的东西。如果请大家回答什么是航空业的产能,可能脱口而出的是飞机、是时刻等等,但我不这样认为。我理解的产能甚至在时间轴上都不是一个具有稳定指向的概念,它应该指的是所有生产要素中的最短板所对应的生产能力。这个短板要一事一议,一时一议。

拿我国航空业来说,疫情刚恢复的时候,由于要保障飞行安全,民航局采取了阶段性的时刻恢复政策,那时候航空业的产能是可以飞的时刻,之后随着安全飞行的推进,时刻逐步恢复至19年的水平,空乘人员也阶段性的出现过紧张,随着空乘人员的补充和客流的增长,个大航司的飞机利用小时数达到较高水平,未来飞机数量可能成为航空公司产能的约束,如果再增加航线,就意味着要停飞部分航线腾挪,未来更长的时间当飞机的产能恢复以后空域的限制可能就会成为航空业的产能短板。

我们当下所处的阶段,航空业的产能就是飞机,因为随着国际客流的恢复约束产能释放的主要生产要素在当下就是飞机,而飞机的约束在未来5-8年内都是难以解决的,一是商用客机的全球产业链恢复速度将十分缓慢,二是欧美的机队也将进入更新周期,同时印度市场也将增加需求,商用客机行业本身将进入长期的供不应求阶段。即使我们再看远一些,飞机的产能问题解决后,我国空域的约束则是更难突破的天花板,因此这样看来,高盈利能力之后的产能释放难以乐观,因此对于航空业的景气似乎可以乐观一些,而需要长期关注的要点就在于约束供给的生产要素是否松绑,目前来看,这些都是可靠的假设。

这样看,对于投资中的似乎大概率正确的论断,比如“这次没什么不同”和“这次不一样”直接拿来用同样是不审慎的研究,一切回到研究的起点是更好的处理方式。



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