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雪球·财经有深度

雪球·财经有深度

Business:Investing

2528.海运冲击下的超额收益

2528.海运冲击下的超额收益

2024-06-07
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欢迎收听雪球和喜马拉雅联合出品的财经有深度,雪球,国内领先的集投资交流交易一体的综合财富管理平台,聪明的投资者都在这里。今天分享的内容叫海运冲击下的超额收益,来自非完全进化体。

近期海运费持续大涨,导致出海板块整体承压。我们来简单梳理一下原因:

这轮海运费大涨,一是红海危机影响,单有红海影响其实矛盾并不算突出,红海危机主要影响欧地、波红航线,船舶被迫绕行,运力供给压力加大。

二是因为不少品类,尤其是对巴西电动汽车,担心会被加征关税,出口抢在关税加征前交付,主要影响的是南美航线。这一情形有可能会在下半年会出现回落。

三是因为欧美去库存结束,贸易需求自然回暖,属于探底回升。如果只是这一因素,并不会导致运力紧张。

当前运力不足、海运费大涨属于三者叠加的结果。

再来看对不同类型公司的影响。

从商业模式看,海运费及部分原材料大涨对出海企业影响不一。

一是小件的稳定性要明显强于大件,从运费与原材料端均是如此。

二是,上游直接面对大宗原材料且成本占比高的,相比上游面对零部件商且原材料成本占比相对低的,盈利能力受到的影响会更大。

三是合同性质,离岸价因不承担运费,相比到岸价,规避了合同期海运费波动的风险。

最后是竞争格局与议价能力,产业链中议价能力强的公司,能够将成本压力有效传导。

不论如何,海运费上涨幅度过大,持续时间过长,会导致终端产品价格抬升,最终还是会影响需求。

从这个角度,产品单价低、客户对于价格不敏感是优点。

以上为整体定性分析。

从具体公司来看,经营小件、海运费占比很低的公司受影响很小。

其中一家公司股价表现基本未受影响,另外一家同样是经营小件产品的公司股价出现一定回调,但基本面无须担心。

某家经营中大件的出海公司与客户签署的合同均为离岸价模式,现有订单也基本未受影响。

但如果海运费持续维持在高位,则可能会影响客户下单意愿,或者客户会适当压价。会对公司的经营节奏与盈利能力产生一定影响。

基于这种担忧,股价出现回调有其合理性。

与短期外部利空形成反差的是,根据近期我们对公司的调研与跟踪,公司自身的经营质量与势头在不断向好,内部降本增效成果持续显现,接单及业务增长有逐季加速的势头。

如果不考虑海运影响,以公司正常盈利水平进行估值,公司2024年市盈率仅为10倍出头,对应未来2到3年年化20%左右的营收或业绩增速。

按照保守估计,假设红海危机持续下去,海运费维持在高位,大型集装箱船建造周期为14至24个月,会对今年以至明年上半年的接单及盈利水平带来压力,明年下半年公司经营才能够逐步恢复正常。

如果我们忽略未来一年多的股价波动,在上述影响逐步消除后,基于20%的业绩增速与14到15倍左右的合理估值中枢,公司股价应为当前价格的1.2乘以1.3倍,即156%,此处暂不考虑几个点的股息。

换句话说,如果愿意承受一年多时间的股价波动,有很大可能获得50%左右的投资收益,这笔投资是否值得?

我们认为这是一笔十分超值的投资。

事实上,基于出海板块越来越高的关注度与长期成长逻辑的稀缺性,如果市场能够发挥其有效性,很可能在这一期间很难跌下去,或一旦海运费出现回落的迹象就提前兑现预期。

如果这家公司股价继续回落,我们会考虑继续加仓。

这也是我们一直以来的投资理念和方式。在不可持续的中短期利空冲击下的便宜价格进行投资,承担股价波动与时间,以换取随时兑现的超额收益。

需要强调的是,任何投资都有风险,上述投资是在适度分散的基础上进行。即便一直在谈出海,我们整体持仓的内销与外销敞口基本保持在50%比50%。

此轮调整后,持仓对2024年加权平均市盈率约为12倍,股息率约为4.5%,整体安全性及投资性价比优于历史大多数时期。

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