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Steps to set up and use group recording in the Podbean app.
《战国策》是一部国别体史学著作,又称《国策》。记载了西周、东周及秦、齐、楚、赵、魏、韩、燕、宋、卫、中山各国之事,记事年代起于战国初年,止于秦灭六国,约有240年的历史。分为12策,33卷,共497篇,主要记述了战国时期的游说之士的政治主张和言行策略,也可说是游说之士的实战演习手册。
作者并非一人,成书并非一时,书中文章作者大多不知是谁。西汉刘向编定为三十三篇,刘向只是战国策的校订者和编订者。因其书所记录的多是东周后期时诸国混战,纵横家为其所辅之国的政治主张和外交策略,因此刘向把这本书名为《战国策》,而该时期亦因此被史家称为战国时代。
苏秦以连横说秦(成语前倨后恭的出处)
冯谖客孟尝君(成语狡兔三窟、高枕无忧的来源)
赵且伐燕(成语鹬蚌相争、鹬蚌相争,渔翁得利、渔翁之利的来源)
邹忌讽齐王纳谏(成语门庭若市的来源)
唐雎不辱使命
荆轲刺秦王
《战国策》一书反映了战国时代的社会风貌,当时士人的精神风采,不仅是一部历史著作,也是一部非常好的历史散文。它作为一部反映战国历史的历史资料,比较客观地记录了当时的一些重大历史事件,是战国历史的生动写照。它详细地记录了当时纵横家的言论和事迹,展示了这些人的精神风貌和思想才干,另外也记录了一些义勇志士的人生风采。《战国策》的文学成就也非常突出,在中国文学史上,它标志着中国古代散文发展的一个新时期,文学性非常突出,尤其在人物形象的刻画,语言文字的运用,寓言故事等方面具有非常鲜明的艺术特色。
《战国策》的思想内容比较复杂,主体上体现了纵横家的思想倾向,同时也反映出了战国时期思想活跃,文化多元的历史特点。《战国策》的政治观比较进步,最突出的是体现了重视人才的政治思想。《战国策》一书是游说辞总集,几乎所有纵横家谋士的言行都在此书。有三大特点:一智谋细,二虚实间,三文辞妙。
《战国策》一书对司马迁的《史记》的纪传体的形成,具有很大影响。《史记》有九十卷的史料直接取自于《战国策》的史料。但《战国策》许多记载并不可靠,司马迁在《苏秦传》后曰"世言苏秦多异,异时事有类之者皆附之苏秦"。《战国策》历来为研究者称赞其文学价值,但是对它的思想却是众说纷纭。这是由于该书与后世的儒家思想不符,过于追逐名利。而且过于夸大纵横家的历史作用,降低了史学价值。
刘向(约公元前77年-公元前6年),
原名刘更生,字子政,西汉末年经学家、目录学家、文学家。曾奉命领校秘书,所撰《别录》,为我国最早的图书分类目录。著作有《九叹》等辞赋三十三篇,大多亡佚。今存《新序》、《说苑》、《列女传》等书。
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