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雪球·财经有深度

雪球·财经有深度

Business:Investing

2138.初入股市者,去买价值股

2138.初入股市者,去买价值股

2023-05-14
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欢迎收听雪球和喜马拉雅联合出品的财经有深度,雪球,国内领先的集投资交流交易一体的综合财富管理平台,聪明的投资者都在这里。听众朋友们大家好,我是主播匪石-34,今天分享的内容叫初入股市者,去买价值股,来自二马由之。


所谓价值股,往往有这样的特点。就是企业已经进入了成熟期,增长放缓,甚至不再增长。分红率还不错。因为不被市场偏好,股票严重低估,股息率非常诱人。


为了说明我为什么要给初入股市者推荐价值股,我对不少投机者喜欢的成长股也做一个说明。成长股往往具备这样的特点。短期有美好的想象,这种美好想象可能都不是短期靓丽的业绩,而仅仅是一个动人的故事。即使短期业绩不错,但是长期是否能够保持好的业绩存在相当大的不确定性。但是市场已经按照未来可以长期增长给了估值。这是成长股投资的第一个风险。


成长股因为其处于成长阶段,分红一般很少。但是在对成长股估值时,往往是预测其过了成长期后,会提升分红率。首先这种预测是合理的。理论上企业应该这样做。但是一些公司治理结构不够好的企业,即使过了成长期也不愿意加大分红。这就让一些成长股投资变成了击鼓传花的游戏。


成长股投资主要是预测未来。一方面预测未来企业还可以保持较高的成长性;其次预测管理层在未来会加大分红。同时因为市场偏好成长,导致短期估值不低。成长股的股价中已经包括了相当部分对于未来成长及分红的预期。这导致长期持有成长股其实胜率不高。


但是为什么有那么多人喜欢成长股呢?那是因为其具备很强的博弈价值。即使短期已经不便宜,但是短期内,他还会继续上涨。这是一个勇敢者玩的负和游戏。


价值股则不同。价值股兼顾了当下和未来。在当下,价值股够便宜,拿到手的股息已经足够多。不少人说,把钱存到银行才3%的利息,而银行股的股息已经到了6%。说的就是这种情况。


判断价值股未来时,即使按照非常低的未来业绩增速,价值股的估值也已经足够便宜。这种情况下,对于价值股未来判断的难度就降低了很多。


通过以上我的对比,看似投资成长股危机重重,而投资价值股则风险收入比很高。其实不然。否则也就不会有那么多人并不喜欢价值股了。


投资价值股有两难。


成长股投资者往往偏重短期博弈,他们并不真正关注企业未来。属于打一枪就跑。而价值股投资者真的需要关注企业的长期未来。价值股并不被市场所偏好,很难在价值股上赚到市场的馈赠。投资价值股主要依靠公司的价值释放,其核心组成部分就是公司的长期分红。因此,虽然价值股的长期前景较成长股容易预测。但是真的要预测一个企业的长期未来,还是非常有难度的一件事情。


投资者价值股的一个难点在于价值陷阱。即,即使投资者对于企业的未来成长性已经没有什么预期了。但是企业还有可能出现超预期的恶化。巴菲特说,长期看,时间是平庸企业的敌人。选择价值股,我们不能选择那些过于平庸的企业。那么又不被市场喜欢,又不能过于平庸。这该如何是好?选择价值股最好要避开竞争性行业。公用事业类的公司其长寿性及盈利的稳健性是有保障的。


投资价值股的第二难属于心理压力。投资价值股赚的是价值释放的钱。但是由于价值股不被市场偏好,很容易出现收了几年利息,结果股价下跌幅度大于获取的利息。被人嘲笑为“你惦记别人的利息,人家要你的本金”。在投资价值股之前,这个心理建设首先要做好。


建议初入股市者投资价值股,但是其实无论做什么类型的个股投资,都是非常难的一件事。只不过相对而言,投资者价值股的技能要求低一点。但是投资价值股绝对要求有强大的心理素养。这是相当多人不具备的。在这个市场上能够长期赚钱的人,一定是强者,要么是知识技能的强者;要么是心理强大者。没有谁可以轻轻松松成功。



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